swap_horiz Crawford Long Alternatives

1

Gertrude B. Elion

Gertrude B. Elion was an American pharmacologist who co-developed drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine and shared the 1988 Nob...

American 20TH Century Medical Drugs

8.8 Great

2

Samuel Morse

Samuel Morse was an American painter and inventor who co-developed Morse code and sent a public telegraph message from W...

Communication American 19TH Century Code

8.7 Great

3

George Westinghouse

George Westinghouse was an American inventor and industrialist who promoted alternating-current power systems in the Uni...

American 19TH Century Electric Railway

8.7 Great

4

Rene Laennec

Rene Laennec was a French physician who invented the stethoscope in Paris in 1816, creating a wooden tube for mediate au...

French 19TH Century Medical Diagnostics

8.5 Great

5

Cyrus McCormick

Cyrus McCormick was an American inventor and manufacturer associated with the mechanical reaper, patented in 1834, which...

American 19TH Century Agriculture Machine

8.3 Great

6

Norbert Rillieux

Norbert Rillieux was a Louisiana Creole engineer who built the first industrially practical multiple-effect evaporator f...

American 19TH Century Evaporation Industrial

8.2 Great

7

Robert Fulton

Robert Fulton was an American engineer whose steamboat Clermont began commercially successful service on the Hudson Rive...

American Submarine 19TH Century Transport

8.2 Great

8

Samuel Colt

Samuel Colt was an American inventor who patented a practical revolving firearm in 1836 and built Colt's Patent Fire-Arm...

American Manufacturing 19TH Century Firearms

8.2 Great

9

Granville Woods

Granville Woods was an American inventor with more than 50 patents, notably an 1887 railway telegraph that let moving tr...

American 19TH Century Electric Railway

8.1 Great

10

Lewis Howard Latimer

Lewis Howard Latimer was an American draftsman and inventor whose 1882 carbon-filament process improved incandescent lam...

American Light 19TH Century Electric

8.1 Great

11

Isaac Singer

Isaac Singer was an American inventor who improved and commercialized the sewing machine, receiving a key U.S. patent in...

American Manufacturing 19TH Century Home

8.1 Great

12

Elias Howe

Elias Howe was an American inventor who patented a lockstitch sewing machine in 1846, a major step in mechanized garment...

American 19TH Century Home Sewing Machine

8.1 Great

13

William T. G. Morton

William T. G. Morton was an American dentist who publicly demonstrated ether anesthesia at Massachusetts General Hospita...

American 19TH Century Medical Anesthesia

8.1 Great

14

Elisha Gray

Elisha Gray was an American inventor and Western Electric co-founder who filed a telephone caveat on February 14, 1876,...

Communication American 19TH Century Telephone

7.8 Good

15

John Wesley Hyatt

John Wesley Hyatt was an American inventor who patented celluloid in 1869, creating a commercially important early plast...

American 19TH Century Plastic Materials

7.7 Good

16

Jacob Perkins

Jacob Perkins was an American inventor who received an 1834 British patent for a vapor-compression refrigeration system...

American Steam 19TH Century Mechanical

7.6 Good

17

John Gorrie

John Gorrie was an American physician who patented an ice-making machine in 1851, an important step toward mechanical re...

American 19TH Century Medical Refrigeration

7.5 Good

18

Maria Beasley

Maria Beasley was an American inventor whose 1882 life raft patent improved maritime safety and whose machines also made...

Safety American 19TH Century Life Raft

7.3 Good

19

Alexander Wood

Alexander Wood was a Scottish physician who devised a true hypodermic syringe with a hollow needle in 1853, helping esta...

19TH Century Medical Scottish Syringe

7.3 Good

20

Letitia Geer

Letitia Geer was an American nurse and inventor who patented a one-handed medical syringe in 1899, a step toward easier...

American 19TH Century Healthcare Medical

6.8 Fair