swap_horiz Gertrude Elion Alternatives

1

Richard Feynman

Richard Feynman was a pioneering 20th-century American theoretical physicist. His work fundamentally shaped quantum elec...

Iconic Physics Theoretical Physics Nobel Prize

9.4 Brilliant

2

Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi was a pioneering Italian-American physicist instrumental in shaping 20th-century science. His leadership le...

Iconic Physics Nobel Prize Italy

9.3 Brilliant

3

Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish bacteriologist whose accidental observation led to the discovery of penicillin in 1928....

Nobel Prize Scotland Medicine Microbiology

9.1 Brilliant

4

John Bardeen

John Bardeen was a pioneering American physicist whose work fundamentally shaped modern electronics and our understandin...

Physics Academic Nobel Prize Innovative

9.0 Brilliant

5

Linus Pauling

Linus Pauling was a highly influential 20th-century American chemist known for his groundbreaking work on chemical bondi...

Organic Activist Nobel Prize Chemistry

9.0 Brilliant

6

Murray Gell-Mann

Murray Gell-Mann was a pioneering American physicist whose theoretical work fundamentally reshaped our understanding of...

Physics Academic Theoretical Physics Nobel Prize

8.9 Excellent

7

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Indian American astrophysicist who determined the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. He won the 1983 Nobel Prize...

Physics India Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.8 Excellent

8

Steven Weinberg

American theoretical physicist who helped unify the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces into the electroweak theory....

Physics Academic Nobel Prize Science

8.8 Excellent

9

James Watson

American molecular biologist who co-discovered the double helix structure of DNA. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for thi...

Nobel Prize Biology 20TH Century Pioneer

8.8 Excellent

10

Chen-Ning Yang

Chinese American physicist who co-developed gauge theory and proposed parity violation in weak interactions. He shared t...

Physics China Theoretical Physics Nobel Prize

8.6 Excellent

11

Barbara McClintock

American geneticist who discovered transposable elements, or jumping genes, in maize. She won the 1983 Nobel Prize, deca...

Complex Academic Nobel Prize Biology

8.6 Excellent

12

John Nash

American mathematician who developed the equilibrium concept central to modern game theory. He shared the 1994 Nobel Mem...

Mathematics Nobel Prize Economics Intellectual

8.6 Excellent

13

Norman Borlaug

American agronomist who developed high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties that averted famine across the developin...

Nobel Prize Agriculture 20TH Century Historical

8.6 Excellent

14

Howard Florey

Australian pharmacologist who turned penicillin into a usable medicine through mass production. He shared the 1945 Nobel...

Australia Nobel Prize Medicine Australian

8.0 Excellent

15

Selman Waksman

Ukrainian American microbiologist who discovered streptomycin and coined the term antibiotic. He won the 1952 Nobel Priz...

Nobel Prize Medicine Microbiology 20TH Century

7.8 Very Good

16

Stanley Prusiner

American neurologist who discovered prions, infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases. He won the 1997 N...

Nobel Prize Medicine 20TH Century Neuroscience

7.8 Very Good

17

Rosalyn Yalow

American medical physicist who developed a sensitive technique to measure hormones and other substances in the blood. Sh...

Nobel Prize Medicine 20TH Century United States

7.7 Very Good

18

James Black

Scottish pharmacologist who developed beta blockers and drugs for stomach ulcers using a rational approach to drug desig...

Nobel Prize Scotland Medicine 20TH Century

7.7 Very Good

19

Allan Cormack

South African American physicist who developed the mathematical basis for computed tomography scanning. He shared the 19...

South Africa Physics Nobel Prize Medicine

7.6 Very Good

20

Renato Dulbecco

Italian American virologist who studied how viruses can transform cells and cause cancer. He shared the 1975 Nobel Prize...

Nobel Prize Italy Medicine 20TH Century

7.4 Very Good