swap_horiz Icko Iben Alternatives

1

S. Chandrasekhar

S. Chandrasekhar was an Indian American astrophysicist whose 1930 Chandrasekhar limit explained the maximum mass of stab...

Twentieth Century Black Holes Stellar Nobel

9.7 Brilliant

2

Lyman Spitzer

Lyman Spitzer was an American astrophysicist who proposed a space telescope in 1946 and led work on plasma physics and i...

American Space Twentieth Century Interstellar

9.3 Excellent

3

Henry Norris Russell

Henry Norris Russell was an American astronomer who independently plotted stellar luminosity against spectral type in 19...

American Twentieth Century Stellar HR Diagram

9.2 Excellent

4

Willy Fowler

Willy Fowler was an American nuclear astrophysicist who shared the 1983 Nobel Prize for explaining how elements form ins...

Twentieth Century Nucleosynthesis Stellar Nobel

9.1 Excellent

5

Robert Dicke

Robert Dicke was an American physicist who advanced tests of general relativity and helped motivate the 1965 search for...

American Cosmology Twentieth Century Cmb

8.9 Great

6

Gerry Neugebauer

Gerry Neugebauer was an American astronomer at Caltech notable for his pioneering work in infrared astronomy and leading...

American Infrared Twentieth Century Surveys

8.9 Great

7

Walter Baade

Walter Baade was a German-American astronomer who resolved stars in Andromeda in 1944 and identified Population I and II...

German Twentieth Century Stellar Distance Scale

8.8 Great

8

Allan Sandage

Allan Sandage was an American astronomer who refined the Hubble constant and helped identify quasars while working at Mo...

American Cosmology Twentieth Century Distance Scale

8.8 Great

9

Harlow Shapley

Harlow Shapley was an American astronomer who used globular clusters in 1918 to place the Sun away from the Milky Way's...

American Twentieth Century Clusters Galactic

8.7 Great

10

Eugene Shoemaker

Eugene Shoemaker was an American geologist and planetary scientist who founded astrogeology and co-discovered Comet Shoe...

American Planetary Twentieth Century Impacts

8.7 Great

11

Robert Leighton

Robert Leighton was a prominent American physicist at Caltech noted for designing innovative telescopes and conducting e...

American Infrared Twentieth Century Surveys

8.7 Great

12

Chushiro Hayashi

Chushiro Hayashi was a Japanese astrophysicist who described pre-main-sequence Hayashi tracks and calculated early-unive...

Cosmology Japanese Twentieth Century Stellar

8.6 Great

13

Robert Kraft

Robert Kraft was an American astronomer and former Lick Observatory director, known for the Kraft break in stellar rotat...

Modern American Spectroscopy Stellar

8.6 Great

14

Ejnar Hertzsprung

Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish astronomer who related stellar color to luminosity, helping create the Hertzsprung-Russel...

Danish Twentieth Century Stellar HR Diagram

8.5 Great

15

Clyde Tombaugh

Clyde Tombaugh was an American astronomer who discovered Pluto at Lowell Observatory in Arizona in 1930 through photogra...

American Planetary Twentieth Century Pluto

8.3 Great

16

Beatrice Tinsley

Beatrice Tinsley was a British-born New Zealand astronomer who modeled galaxy evolution and showed how stellar populatio...

Evolution Twentieth Century Women Galaxies

8.3 Great

17

Martin Schwarzschild

Martin Schwarzschild was a German-American astrophysicist who modeled stellar evolution and led Stratoscope balloon tele...

American Evolution Twentieth Century Stellar

8.2 Great

18

Herbert Friedman

Herbert Friedman was an American physicist whose rocket experiments helped found solar X-ray astronomy and ultraviolet a...

American Solar Twentieth Century X Ray

8.1 Great

19

George Wallerstein

George Wallerstein was an American astronomer at the University of Washington, known for stellar abundance work and earl...

American Twentieth Century Stellar Abundances

8.1 Great

20

George Herbig

George Herbig was an American astronomer known for Herbig-Haro objects and for identifying young intermediate-mass stars...

American Twentieth Century Stellar Star Formation

8.0 Great