swap_horiz Klaus von Klitzing Alternatives

1

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein revolutionized our concepts of space, time, gravity, and energy, dismantling the Newtonian framework tha...

Germany Physics Relativity Theoretical Physics

9.8 Brilliant

2

Max Planck

German physicist who originated quantum theory by proposing that energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta. Hi...

Germany Physics Theoretical Physics Quantum Theory

9.5 Brilliant

3

Richard Feynman

American theoretical physicist who developed quantum electrodynamics and the diagrammatic method now bearing his name. H...

Physics Theoretical Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

9.4 Brilliant

4

Enrico Fermi

Italian American physicist who built the first nuclear reactor and made key contributions to quantum theory, nuclear phy...

Physics Nobel Prize Italy 20TH Century

9.3 Brilliant

5

Erwin Schrodinger

Austrian physicist who formulated the wave equation that became central to quantum mechanics. He shared the 1933 Nobel P...

Austria Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

9.3 Brilliant

6

Ernest Rutherford

New Zealand born physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus through his gold foil scattering experiments. Often called...

Physics New Zealand Nobel Prize 20TH Century

9.2 Brilliant

7

Wolfgang Pauli

Austrian physicist who formulated the exclusion principle governing the arrangement of electrons in atoms. He predicted...

Austria Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

9.0 Brilliant

8

John Bardeen

American physicist who co-invented the transistor and co-developed the theory of superconductivity. He is the only perso...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

9.0 Brilliant

9

Murray Gell-Mann

American physicist who proposed the quark model of elementary particles and introduced the concept of strangeness. He wo...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

8.9 Excellent

10

Wilhelm Rontgen

German physicist who discovered X-rays, opening a new field of medical imaging and physics. He received the first Nobel...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.9 Excellent

11

Max Born

German physicist who provided the probabilistic interpretation of the quantum wave function. He shared the 1954 Nobel Pr...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.7 Excellent

12

Lev Landau

Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to condensed matter physics, superfluidity, and quantum theory. He w...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century Soviet Union

8.7 Excellent

13

Hans Bethe

German American physicist who explained how stars produce energy through nuclear fusion. He won the 1967 Nobel Prize for...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.5 Excellent

14

Maria Goeppert Mayer

German American physicist who developed the shell model of the atomic nucleus. She shared the 1963 Nobel Prize, the seco...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.1 Excellent

15

Brian Josephson

Welsh physicist who predicted the tunneling of superconducting current across a barrier, now called the Josephson effect...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United Kingdom

8.0 Excellent

16

Philip Anderson

American physicist who made foundational contributions to condensed matter physics, including the study of disordered sy...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

7.9 Very Good

17

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Dutch physicist who first liquefied helium and discovered superconductivity. He won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century Netherlands

7.9 Very Good

18

Walther Nernst

German chemist who formulated the third law of thermodynamics. He won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize Chemistry

7.7 Very Good

19

Pyotr Kapitsa

Soviet physicist who discovered the superfluidity of liquid helium. He won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century Soviet Union

7.6 Very Good

20

Nevill Mott

English physicist who advanced the understanding of electronic structure in disordered and magnetic materials. He shared...

Physics England Nobel Prize 20TH Century

7.3 Very Good