swap_horiz Mulla Sadra Alternatives

1

Laozi

Traditionally identified as an ancient Chinese philosopher, Laozi, also written Lao Tzu, is the attributed author of the...

Ancient Chinese Metaphysics Daoism

9.75 Brilliant

2

David Hume

Scottish early-modern philosopher David Hume made human experience the starting point for a searching examination of kno...

Empiricism Scottish Early Modern Skepticism

9.62 Brilliant

3

Thomas Aquinas

A thirteenth-century Catholic priest and Dominican friar, Thomas Aquinas developed a systematic account of philosophy an...

Medieval Metaphysics Christian Scholasticism

9.55 Brilliant

4

René Descartes

A central figure in seventeenth-century philosophy, René Descartes investigated questions about existence, the mind, and...

Western Metaphysics Epistemology Early Modern

9.55 Brilliant

5

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Within nineteenth-century German philosophy, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel developed a complex idealist system concerned...

19TH Century Western Metaphysics Dialectic

9.50 Brilliant

6

Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza was a prominent 17th-century Dutch philosopher known for his radical ideas. His *Ethics* presented a syst...

Dutch Metaphysics Early Modern Rationalism

9.42 Excellent

7

Plotinus

Plotinus was a Greco-Roman philosopher born in Egypt around 204 CE. He established Neoplatonism, a complex system explor...

Ancient Roman Metaphysics Neoplatonism

9.35 Excellent

8

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara was a prominent Indian philosopher active during the medieval period. He significantly shaped Vedanta philo...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.35 Excellent

9

John Locke

John Locke was an influential English philosopher of the early modern period. He developed empiricism, the idea that kno...

Empiricism Politics English Early Modern

9.35 Excellent

10

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes was an influential English philosopher of the early modern period. His work, particularly *Leviathan*, pre...

Politics English Early Modern Materialism

9.25 Excellent

11

Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali was a prominent Islamic philosopher and jurist from Persia who lived during the medieval period. He significa...

Medieval Islamic Theology Skepticism

9.15 Excellent

12

Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze was a prominent French philosopher known for his explorations of difference, becoming a significant figur...

French Metaphysics Continental Difference

9.05 Excellent

13

Shankara

Shankara, also known as Adi Shankaracharya, was an Indian philosopher and theologian associated with Advaita Vedanta. He...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.05 Excellent

14

Jacques Derrida

Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) was a prominent French philosopher who developed the theory of deconstruction. His work chal...

Language French Metaphysics Deconstruction

9.02 Excellent

15

Zhu Xi

Zhu Xi (1130-1200) was a prominent Chinese philosopher during the Song dynasty. He significantly shaped Neo-Confucianism...

Medieval Chinese Metaphysics Confucianism

9.00 Excellent

16

David Lewis

David Lewis was an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics and analytic philosophy. He is particularly known fo...

American Metaphysics Analytic Modality

8.96 Great

17

Averroes

Averroes was a 12th-century Andalusian philosopher and physician whose extensive commentaries on Aristotle profoundly in...

Medieval Islamic Metaphysics Eastern

8.55 Great

18

Suhrawardi

Suhrawardi (d. 1191) was a medieval Persian philosopher whose illuminationist philosophy profoundly influenced Islamic t...

Medieval Metaphysics Persian Illuminationism

8.15 Great

19

Nicolas Malebranche

Nicolas Malebranche was a 17th-century French philosopher and Catholic priest of the Oratorian order who sought to recon...

French Metaphysics Early Modern Occasionalism

7.92 Good

20

Anne Conway

Anne Conway (1631-1679) was an English philosopher of the early modern period whose work challenged both Cartesian duali...

English Metaphysics Early Modern Monism

7.16 Good