swap_horiz Susan Haack Alternatives

1

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein was a prominent 20th-century philosopher born in Austria. His work profoundly impacted fields like l...

Language Austrian Logic Analytic

9.7 Brilliant

2

Gottlob Frege

Gottlob Frege was a German logician whose 1879 Begriffsschrift founded modern predicate logic and transformed philosophy...

Language German Mathematics Logic

9.4 Excellent

3

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

4

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and logician who co-wrote Principia Mathematica and won the 1950 Nobel Prize...

Language Logic British Analytic

9.3 Excellent

5

Edmund Husserl

Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher who founded phenomenology, launching the movement with Logical Investigations, p...

German Logic Consciousness Phenomenology

9.2 Excellent

6

Chrysippus

Chrysippus was a 3rd-century BCE Stoic philosopher whose logic and ethics systematized Stoicism and shaped its later Rom...

Logic Ancient Greek Stoicism

9.1 Excellent

7

Charles Sanders Peirce

Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher and logician, founder of pragmatism, and a pioneer of semiotics and m...

American Logic Pragmatism Semiotics

9.1 Excellent

8

W. V. O. Quine

W. V. O. Quine was an American philosopher whose 1951 essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism challenged analytic-synthetic disti...

American Logic Analytic Naturalism

9.1 Excellent

9

Saul Kripke

Saul Kripke was an American philosopher and logician whose 1980 Naming and Necessity transformed theories of reference,...

Language American Logic Analytic

9.1 Excellent

10

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

11

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

12

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi was a 10th-century philosopher from Central Asia whose Arabic works joined Plato and Aristotle with political...

Logic Medieval Politics Islamic

8.8 Great

13

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury was an Italian-born monk and archbishop whose Proslogion presented an ontological argument for God'...

Logic Medieval Theology Christian

8.8 Great

14

John Dewey

John Dewey was an American philosopher and educator whose pragmatism linked inquiry, democracy, and learning, notably in...

American Education Democracy Pragmatism

8.8 Great

15

William of Ockham

William of Ockham was a 14th-century English Franciscan philosopher known for nominalism and the principle later called...

Logic Medieval English Nominalism

8.7 Great

16

H. L. A. Hart

H. L. A. Hart was a British legal philosopher, known for The Concept of Law (1961) and the rule of recognition in modern...

Law British Rights Positivism

8.7 Great

17

Zeno of Elea

Zeno of Elea was a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher known for paradoxes of motion, including Achilles and the tortoise.

Logic Ancient Greek Paradox

8.6 Great

18

Sextus Empiricus

Sextus Empiricus was a Greek skeptic and physician, active around the 2nd century CE, whose writings preserve Pyrrhonian...

Ancient Greek Epistemology Skepticism

8.6 Great

19

Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who founded classical utilitarianism and promoted legal reform through the gre...

Law Ethics British Utilitarianism

8.6 Great

20

Dharmakirti

Dharmakirti was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the 7th century whose Pramanavarttika became a major work on logic and...

Indian Medieval Epistemology Buddhist

8.5 Great