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Mongolia

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description Mongolia Overview

Mongolia is a landlocked country between Russia and China, with Ulaanbaatar as its capital and one of the lowest population densities of any sovereign state. Much of its terrain is steppe and high plateau, including the Gobi Desert in the south, and a large share of the population continues a nomadic herding way of life. It was the center of the Mongol Empire founded by Genghis Khan in the thirteenth century, and Tibetan Buddhism remains influential, visible in monasteries such as Erdene Zuu, built near the ruins of Karakorum.

help Mongolia FAQ

Which countries border Mongolia?

Mongolia borders Russia to the north and China on its southern, eastern, and western sides. It has no coastline and is one of the world's largest landlocked countries.

Is Ulaanbaatar in the Gobi Desert?

No, Ulaanbaatar is in north-central Mongolia on the Tuul River, while the Gobi Desert lies mainly to the south. The capital is the country's political and cultural center despite the vast rural steppe around it.

What happens at Mongolia's Naadam festival?

Naadam is Mongolia's national festival and centers on wrestling, horse racing, and archery. The main celebrations take place in July, with events held in Ulaanbaatar and across the country.

Do Mongolian herders live in tents?

Many pastoral families use a traditional round dwelling called a ger, known internationally as a yurt. Gers are designed to be dismantled and moved as families follow grazing conditions across the steppe.