Ada E. Yonath

She mapped the complex atomic structure of the ribosome, the cellular factory responsible for synthesizing proteins. She achieved this by using a highly advanced technique called X-ray crystallography.

She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome. She shared the award with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz.

She is the director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. She has spent decades working at this renowned research institute.

Her detailed mapping of the ribosome's structure has been crucial for understanding how various antibiotics work. Her findings allow pharmaceutical companies to design more effective, targeted antibiotics that specifically attack bacterial ribosomes.