description Ayyubid Dynasty Overview
The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin founded by Saladin in 1171. Centered in Egypt and Syria, the Ayyubids unified much of the Islamic Near East and recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 following the Battle of Hattin. The dynasty was eventually displaced by the Mamluks in Egypt around 1250, though some branches continued to rule parts of Syria for several more decades.
help Ayyubid Dynasty FAQ
Who founded the Ayyubid Dynasty?
The dynasty was founded by Saladin, also known as Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, in 1171. He was of Kurdish origin and established Ayyubid rule after ending the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt.
What happened at the Battle of Hattin in 1187?
Saladin's forces defeated the Crusader army at Hattin on July 4, 1187. The victory opened the way for the Ayyubids to recapture Jerusalem later that year.
Which regions did the Ayyubids control?
The dynasty was centered in Egypt and Syria and at times controlled much of the Islamic Near East. Its territory was divided among branches of Saladin's family, so control varied over time.
When did Ayyubid rule end?
Ayyubid rule in Egypt ended in 1250 when the Mamluks overthrew the last independent Ayyubid sultan, Turan Shah. Ayyubid branches continued in parts of Syria for longer, with the dynasty ending there by the mid-13th century.
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