description Eddy currents Overview
Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within a conductor by a changing magnetic field, as described by Faraday's law of induction. These currents create their own magnetic field, which opposes the original change according to Lenz's law, resulting in dissipation of energy as heat. They are observed in transformers, induction cooktops, and metal detectors, and can be minimized by using laminated cores in electrical machines.
help Eddy currents FAQ
How are eddy currents produced?
Eddy currents form when a changing magnetic field induces circulating electrical currents inside a conductor. Faraday’s law describes the induction, while Lenz’s law explains why the induced magnetic field opposes the change that produced it.
Why do eddy currents create braking force?
A moving conductor passing through a magnetic field develops circulating currents that create an opposing magnetic field. The resulting drag converts part of the object’s kinetic energy into heat, which is why eddy-current brakes work without physical contact.
Where are eddy currents used in everyday technology?
Induction cooktops use eddy currents to heat a compatible metal pan directly. They are also used in magnetic brakes, speedometers, metal detectors, and some train systems.
How are unwanted eddy currents reduced in transformers?
Transformer cores are usually built from thin insulated laminations rather than one solid block of metal. The layers interrupt large current loops and reduce heating and energy loss caused by eddy currents.
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