description Emperor Augustus Caesar Overview
Augustus, born Gaius Octavius and later known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE until 14 CE. After defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra, he ended the civil wars that had dismantled the Roman Republic and established the Principate, a monarchy presented through republican offices and institutions. His reign brought administrative reform, extensive building programs, and the beginning of the period commonly called the Pax Romana.
insights Ranking position
Emperor Augustus Caesar ranks #1 of 221 in the Monarch ranking, ahead of Emperor Charlemagne.
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Why did Octavian become known as Augustus?
The Roman Senate granted Octavian the honorific Augustus in 27 BCE. That settlement preserved republican offices in appearance while making him Rome's dominant political and military authority.
How did Augustus defeat Mark Antony and Cleopatra?
Octavian's forces, commanded at sea by Marcus Agrippa, defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Their deaths in Egypt the following year left Octavian without a major rival.
Was Augustus officially considered a king?
Augustus avoided the hated Roman title rex, meaning king, and called himself princeps, or first citizen. In practice, his control of the army, important provinces, and major offices established the Roman Principate.
Who succeeded Augustus as Roman emperor?
Augustus was succeeded in 14 CE by Tiberius, his stepson and adopted son. Several earlier potential heirs, including Gaius and Lucius Caesar, had died before Augustus.
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