description Fractional quantum Hall effect Overview
The fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, resulting in quantized Hall conductance values that are fractions of the elementary charge.
help Fractional quantum Hall effect FAQ
Where is the fractional quantum Hall effect observed?
It is observed in very clean two-dimensional electron systems under strong magnetic fields and very low temperatures. Classic experiments used semiconductor heterostructures where electrons are confined to a thin layer.
Who discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect?
Daniel Tsui, Horst Stormer, and Arthur Gossard discovered the effect in 1982. Tsui and Stormer later shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert Laughlin, who explained the phenomenon theoretically.
What does the 'fractional' part mean?
The Hall conductance appears at fractional filling factors such as 1/3 rather than only integer steps. This reflects collective behavior of electrons, not individual electrons simply carrying fractional ordinary charge.
Why is the fractional quantum Hall effect important for quasiparticles?
It showed that many-electron systems can support quasiparticles with fractional electric charge. Laughlin's theory for the 1/3 state became a central example of emergent behavior in condensed matter physics.
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