Francisco Goya

The Third of May 1808 shows French soldiers executing Spanish civilians after the Madrid uprising against Napoleon's forces. Goya painted it in 1814, after the Peninsular War.

Yes, Goya worked for the Spanish court and painted portraits of figures such as Charles IV of Spain. His court work sits beside darker late works like the Black Paintings.

Los Caprichos is a series of 80 etchings published in 1799. The prints attack superstition, corruption, vanity, and social cruelty in late 18th-century Spain.

The Black Paintings were painted late in Goya's life on the walls of his house, the Quinta del Sordo. They include disturbing images such as Saturn Devouring His Son and show a much darker private vision than his official portraits.