description Hernán Cortés Overview
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led the military campaign that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire and established Spanish control over central Mexico. Arriving in the mainland in 1519, Cortés forged alliances with various indigenous groups who were opposed to Aztec rule, using them to bolster his forces. He captured the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521 after a prolonged siege, effectively dismantling the existing empire. Following his conquest, he became the governor of New Spain, paving the way for centuries of Spanish colonial administration in the Americas.
help Hernán Cortés FAQ
When did Hernán Cortés arrive in Mexico?
Cortés arrived on the mainland in 1519, beginning the campaign that ended with the fall of Tenochtitlan in 1521. His expedition became the central Spanish military campaign against the Mexica-led Aztec Empire. [National Geographic](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/cortes-tenochtitlan)
Which Indigenous groups allied with Hernán Cortés?
The Tlaxcalans were among his most important allies, and he also worked with Totonac communities and other groups opposed to Mexica rule. Their military and political support was essential to the campaign.
What happened to Tenochtitlan in 1521?
The Mexica capital fell on August 13, 1521, after a prolonged siege and fighting around Lake Texcoco. The Spanish later built Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.
Who was Malintzin, and why did she matter to Cortés?
Malintzin, also called La Malinche, served as an interpreter, adviser, and political intermediary for Cortés. Her language skills connected Nahuatl, Maya, and Spanish speakers during the campaign.
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