India vs England

When the bilateral test series is held in England, the teams traditionally compete for the Pataudi Trophy. When the series is held in India, they historically contested the Anthony de Mello Trophy, though recent administrative changes have kept the Pataudi name prominent. This enduring test match rivalry is one of the world's most historic in cricket.

The enduring rivalry officially began with a Test match at Lord's Cricket Ground in London in 1932. This historic match marked India's debut as a Test-playing nation on the global stage. India was then under British colonial rule, adding a complex political and cultural layer to the early matchups.

Yes, famously, a Test match between India and England in Madras (now Chennai) in 1986 ended in only the second tied Test in the history of cricket. The incredibly rare result required India's last batsman to be run out going for the winning run. This dramatic moment cemented the unpredictable nature of this bilateral series.

Historically, England holds a slight edge in the total number of Test matches won across all their bilateral encounters since 1932. However, India has become highly dominant when playing in their own home conditions over the last few decades. The series primarily involves national teams and attracts massive cricket viewership.