Jagadish Chandra Bose

Jagadish Chandra Bose publicly demonstrated the transmission and detection of millimeter-scale electromagnetic waves in Kolkata in 1895, predating Guglielmo Marconi's wireless communication experiments. However, Bose did not pursue patents for wireless telegraphy applications the way Marconi did, which is why Marconi is more widely credited with the practical development of radio.

Bose was a pioneer in plant physiology who used his own invention, the crescograph, to demonstrate that plants respond to physical stimuli such as light, heat, and mechanical contact. His experiments suggested that plants have electrical signaling systems analogous to nervous responses in animals, a concept that was controversial at the time.

The Bose Institute is a research institution in Kolkata founded by Jagadish Chandra Bose in 1917. It was established to conduct interdisciplinary research in physics, biology, and related sciences, reflecting Bose's own cross-disciplinary approach to scientific inquiry.

Bose designed several instruments himself, including the crescograph for measuring plant growth and response, and components for generating and detecting electromagnetic waves such as waveguides and horn antennas. These were fabricated in Kolkata and were among the earliest devices used for millimeter-wave research.