Jorge Castañeda

Jorge Castañeda served as Mexico's Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2003 under President Vicente Fox. During his tenure he promoted the so-called 'Castañeda Doctrine,' which argued that Mexico should condition diplomatic relations on other countries' respect for human rights and democracy.

Castañeda holds a PhD in Economic History from the University of Paris and has taught at universities including Princeton, Berkeley, and New York University. He is a prolific author who has written extensively on Latin American politics and Mexican foreign policy.

The Castañeda Doctrine proposed that Mexico should make its foreign relations contingent on other nations' commitment to democratic governance and human rights. This represented a significant break from Mexico's long-standing tradition of strict non-intervention in other countries' internal affairs.

Yes, Castañeda ran as an independent candidate in the 2006 Mexican presidential election after failing to secure a major party nomination. His campaign was ultimately unsuccessful, and the election was won by Felipe Calderón of the PAN party.