Julian Schwinger

Schwinger shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard Feynman and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. The prize recognized their work on quantum electrodynamics, or QED.

Schwinger used a more operator-based and mathematically formal approach. Feynman became famous for diagrams, while both methods described interactions between light and charged particles.

Yes, Schwinger worked at the MIT Radiation Laboratory during World War II. His wartime work involved radar and microwave physics rather than the Los Alamos bomb design group.

The Schwinger effect describes particle-antiparticle pair production from an extremely strong electric field. Schwinger gave a major theoretical treatment of the effect in 1951.