Kalaripayattu

Traditional training usually begins with meipayattu, a foundation of stances, steps, kicks, flexibility, and body-control sequences. Students normally establish conditioning before progressing to weapons or advanced partner practice.

Kolthari covers wooden weapons such as long and short staffs, while angathari introduces metal weapons such as swords, shields, spears, and daggers. The flexible sword called the urumi is an advanced weapon, not beginner equipment.

Northern, or Vadakkan, traditions from Kerala's Malabar region emphasize flowing body forms and extensive weapons practice. Southern systems generally place more emphasis on close-range striking and vital-point methods, though curricula vary by lineage.

Traditional kalari lineages may include massage, herbal treatment, and knowledge of vulnerable body points alongside combat practice. This connection reflects the gurukkal's historical role as both martial teacher and practitioner of treatment methods.