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Liability Convention (Space)

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description Liability Convention (Space) Overview

The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, known as the Liability Convention, entered into force in September 1972. It establishes that launching states bear strict liability for damage caused by their space objects on the surface of the Earth and fault-based liability for damage in space. The convention was developed within the framework of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.

help Liability Convention (Space) FAQ

When is a launching state strictly liable under the Space Liability Convention?

A launching state is absolutely liable when its space object causes damage on Earth's surface or to an aircraft in flight. For damage elsewhere in space, liability generally depends on fault.

Has the Space Liability Convention ever been used for a real accident?

Canada invoked it after the Soviet nuclear-powered satellite Kosmos 954 scattered radioactive debris over northern Canada in 1978. The Soviet Union later paid Canada 3 million Canadian dollars in a diplomatic settlement.

Who counts as a launching state under the convention?

The term can cover a state that launches or procures a launch and a state whose territory or facility is used. A single mission can therefore have more than one launching state with potential responsibility.

Can an individual directly file a claim under the Space Liability Convention?

Claims under the convention are presented between states through diplomatic channels, not filed directly by private individuals. A person's home state may pursue the claim, while domestic law can provide separate legal routes.

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