Naum Gabo

Naum Gabo was a Russian-born Constructivist sculptor who lived from 1890 to 1977. He later became an American citizen and worked across Europe, England, and the United States.

Gabo explored how transparent materials, lines, and voids could suggest movement without depicting a moving object. His 1920 work Realistic Manifesto set out important principles of Constructivist sculpture.

Kinetic Sculpture: Standing Wave is a 1920 work often regarded as one of the earliest examples of kinetic art. It uses mechanical movement to make a sculptural form appear to vibrate.

Gabo used materials such as nylon filament, metal, and transparent plastics to create open structures. Linear Construction in Space No. 3, made in 1952 to 1953, demonstrates his interest in making empty space feel solid.