White

White is an achromatic color that reflects all visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum relatively equally. When all wavelengths of light combine, the human eye perceives the result as white.

In many Western cultures, white symbolizes purity, cleanliness, and new beginnings, which is why it is traditionally worn by brides at weddings. In several Eastern cultures, however, white is associated with mourning and is worn at funerals rather than celebrations.

White surfaces maximize the perception of light and space, making rooms feel larger and cleaner, which is essential in minimalist and Scandinavian design aesthetics. Designers like John Pawson and brands like Muji leverage white to reduce visual clutter and emphasize form and function.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is the most widely used white pigment in modern paints and coatings due to its high opacity and brightness. Before its commercial adoption in the early 20th century, toxic lead white (basic lead carbonate) was the standard white pigment.