swap_horiz Chrysippus Alternatives

1

Heraclitus

Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher from Ephesus, active around 500 BCE, notable for doctrines of constant change and the...

Change Ancient Greek Presocratic

9.3 Excellent

2

Parmenides

Parmenides was a Greek philosopher from Elea whose poem On Nature argued that true being is ungenerated, unchanging, and...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Being

9.3 Excellent

3

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

4

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

5

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

6

Zeno of Citium

Zeno of Citium was a Cypriot philosopher who founded Stoicism in Athens around 300 BCE, teaching virtue in accord with n...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

8.8 Great

7

Zeno of Elea

Zeno of Elea was a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher known for paradoxes of motion, including Achilles and the tortoise.

Logic Ancient Greek Paradox

8.6 Great

8

Sextus Empiricus

Sextus Empiricus was a Greek skeptic and physician, active around the 2nd century CE, whose writings preserve Pyrrhonian...

Ancient Greek Epistemology Skepticism

8.6 Great

9

Anaximander

Anaximander was a 6th-century BCE Milesian philosopher who proposed the apeiron as the origin of things and made an earl...

Cosmology Ancient Greek Presocratic

8.5 Great

10

Diogenes of Sinope

Diogenes of Sinope was a Greek Cynic philosopher of the 4th century BCE, famous for radical simplicity and criticism of...

Ethics Ancient Greek Cynicism

8.5 Great

11

Seneca

Seneca was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist who advised Nero and wrote major moral essays and letters...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.5 Great

12

Thales of Miletus

Thales of Miletus was a Greek philosopher from Ionia, active in the 6th century BCE, often regarded as the first Western...

Cosmology Ancient Greek Presocratic

8.4 Great

13

Empedocles

Empedocles was a Greek philosopher from Acragas who taught that four roots, earth, air, fire, and water, combine through...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Pluralism

8.3 Great

14

Protagoras

Protagoras was a 5th-century BCE Greek sophist from Abdera, noted for relativism and for teaching rhetoric to paying stu...

Ancient Greek Sophist Relativism

8.2 Great

15

Proclus

Proclus was a 5th-century CE Athenian Neoplatonist whose Elements of Theology gave systematic form to late ancient Plato...

Ancient Greek Metaphysics Neoplatonism

8.2 Great

16

Dignaga

Dignaga was an Indian Buddhist logician of the 5th or 6th century who helped found Buddhist epistemology with theories o...

Logic Indian Ancient Buddhist

8.2 Great

17

Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras was a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who brought Ionian inquiry to Athens and made Nous, or mind, a cosmic...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Mind

8.1 Great

18

Pyrrho

Pyrrho was a Greek philosopher from Elis whose suspension of judgment became the model for Pyrrhonian skepticism in late...

Ethics Ancient Greek Skepticism

8.1 Great

19

Leucippus

Leucippus was a Greek philosopher traditionally credited as the founder of atomism, the theory that reality consists of...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Atomism

7.8 Good

20

Cleanthes

Cleanthes was the second head of the Stoic school in Athens and author of the Hymn to Zeus, preserving early Stoic theol...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

7.0 Good