swap_horiz Cluster II Alternatives

1

Apollo 8

The Apollo 8 mission involved a three-man NASA crew – Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders – undertaking the f...

Lunar Nasa Apollo Past

9.7 Brilliant

2

Vostok 1

The Vostok 1 mission represents a pivotal moment in space exploration history. Launched by the Soviet Union in April 196...

Soviet Past Leo Crewed

9.7 Brilliant

3

Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity

The Opportunity rover was a NASA mission designed to study the geology of Mars’ Meridiani Planum region. Launched in 200...

Geology Nasa Mars Rover

9.5 Brilliant

4

Apollo 17

The Apollo 17 mission represents NASA’s concluding journey to the Moon within the Apollo program. Launched in December 1...

Lunar Nasa Apollo Past

9.4 Excellent

5

Cosmic Background Explorer

The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was a NASA space mission launched in 1989 to study the cosmic microwave background...

Survey Cosmology Nasa Microwave

9.4 Excellent

6

Viking 1

The Viking 1 mission involved both an orbiter and a lander deployed to Mars in 1975. It achieved the historic feat of de...

Nasa Mars Past Lander

9.4 Excellent

7

Herschel

The Herschel Space Observatory was a European Space Agency mission launched in 2009. It operated primarily in infrared w...

Astronomy Telescope Infrared Past

8.8 Great

8

Infrared Astronomical Satellite

Infrared Astronomical Satellite was a 1983 American, Dutch, and British mission, notable as the first space telescope to...

Telescope Nasa Infrared Past

8.6 Great

9

Envisat

Envisat was an ESA Earth-observation satellite launched in 2002, the largest then built for the task and carrying 10 ins...

Environment Radar Past Earth

8.5 Great

10

Sentinel-1A

Sentinel-1A is an ESA Copernicus radar satellite launched in 2014, the first Sentinel spacecraft and a source of day-nig...

Radar Past Earth Esa

8.3 Great

11

Giotto

Giotto was an ESA spacecraft that flew past Halley's Comet in 1986, returning the first close-range images of a comet nu...

Past Comet Halley Esa

8.2 Great

12

Van Allen Probes

The Van Allen Probes were NASA twin spacecraft launched in 2012 to study Earth's radiation belts, operating for seven ye...

Nasa Past Plasma Earth

8.2 Great

13

Venus Express

Venus Express was an ESA orbiter launched in 2005, the first European spacecraft to orbit Venus and study its atmosphere...

Past Atmosphere Venus Orbiter

8.1 Great

14

Infrared Space Observatory

Infrared Space Observatory was an ESA telescope launched in 1995, notable for infrared spectroscopy and imaging of cool...

Astronomy Telescope Infrared Past

7.9 Good

15

MMS

MMS is NASA's 2015 Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, a four-spacecraft formation built to measure magnetic reconnection...

Active Nasa Plasma Magnetosphere

7.9 Good

16

THEMIS

THEMIS is NASA's 2007 five-satellite mission to study magnetospheric substorms, notable for linking reconnection events...

Active Nasa Aurora Plasma

7.8 Good

17

Geotail

Geotail was a 1992 ISAS-NASA mission that studied Earth's magnetotail, notable for three decades of magnetosphere observ...

Nasa Past Magnetosphere Earth

7.6 Good

18

Akebono

Akebono was Japan's 1989 EXOS-D satellite for aurora and magnetosphere studies, notable for 26 years of observations bef...

Aurora Past Magnetosphere Earth

7.4 Good

19

SMART-1

SMART-1 was ESA's first lunar mission, launched in 2003 to test solar-electric propulsion and map the Moon from orbit.

Past Moon Orbiter Esa

7.3 Good

20

Schiaparelli EDM

Schiaparelli EDM was a 2016 ESA-Roscosmos Mars landing demonstrator that crashed, but returned descent telemetry for Exo...

Mars Past Lander Esa

3.1 Poor