swap_horiz Halton Arp Alternatives

1

Dame Margaret Burbidge

Dame Margaret Burbidge was a British-American astrophysicist and first author of the 1957 B2FH paper explaining how star...

Twentieth Century Women Galaxies Nucleosynthesis

9.4 Excellent

2

Lyman Spitzer

Lyman Spitzer was an American astrophysicist who proposed a space telescope in 1946 and led work on plasma physics and i...

American Space Twentieth Century Interstellar

9.3 Excellent

3

Henry Norris Russell

Henry Norris Russell was an American astronomer who independently plotted stellar luminosity against spectral type in 19...

American Twentieth Century Stellar HR Diagram

9.2 Excellent

4

Vesto Slipher

Vesto Slipher was an American astronomer who measured spiral nebula redshifts from 1912, evidence later central to cosmi...

Twentieth Century Galaxies Spectroscopy Redshift

8.9 Great

5

Robert Dicke

Robert Dicke was an American physicist who advanced tests of general relativity and helped motivate the 1965 search for...

American Cosmology Twentieth Century Cmb

8.9 Great

6

Gerry Neugebauer

Gerry Neugebauer was an American astronomer at Caltech notable for his pioneering work in infrared astronomy and leading...

American Infrared Twentieth Century Surveys

8.9 Great

7

Allan Sandage

Allan Sandage was an American astronomer who refined the Hubble constant and helped identify quasars while working at Mo...

American Cosmology Twentieth Century Distance Scale

8.8 Great

8

Jeremiah Ostriker

Jeremiah Ostriker is an American astrophysicist whose work shaped modern ideas on dark matter, intergalactic gas, and ga...

Modern American Cosmology Galaxies

8.8 Great

9

John Kormendy

John Kormendy is an American astronomer at the University of Texas at Austin highly noted for his foundational observati...

Modern American Black Holes Galaxies

8.8 Great

10

Harlow Shapley

Harlow Shapley was an American astronomer who used globular clusters in 1918 to place the Sun away from the Milky Way's...

American Twentieth Century Clusters Galactic

8.7 Great

11

Eugene Shoemaker

Eugene Shoemaker was an American geologist and planetary scientist who founded astrogeology and co-discovered Comet Shoe...

American Planetary Twentieth Century Impacts

8.7 Great

12

Icko Iben

Icko Iben was an American astrophysicist at the University of Illinois, known for stellar evolution theory and awarded t...

American Evolution Twentieth Century Stellar

8.7 Great

13

Robert Leighton

Robert Leighton was a prominent American physicist at Caltech noted for designing innovative telescopes and conducting e...

American Infrared Twentieth Century Surveys

8.7 Great

14

R. Brent Tully

R. Brent Tully is an American astronomer at the University of Hawaii notable for co-developing the Tully-Fisher relation...

Modern American Galaxies Distance Scale

8.6 Great

15

George Rieke

George Rieke is an American astronomer at the University of Arizona renowned for his leadership in developing infrared i...

Modern American Infrared Galaxies

8.5 Great

16

Clyde Tombaugh

Clyde Tombaugh was an American astronomer who discovered Pluto at Lowell Observatory in Arizona in 1930 through photogra...

American Planetary Twentieth Century Pluto

8.3 Great

17

Beatrice Tinsley

Beatrice Tinsley was a British-born New Zealand astronomer who modeled galaxy evolution and showed how stellar populatio...

Evolution Twentieth Century Women Galaxies

8.3 Great

18

Martin Schwarzschild

Martin Schwarzschild was a German-American astrophysicist who modeled stellar evolution and led Stratoscope balloon tele...

American Evolution Twentieth Century Stellar

8.2 Great

19

Marc Davis

Marc Davis is an American astronomer known for mapping galaxy redshifts and helping reveal the large-scale structure of...

Modern American Galaxies Surveys

8.2 Great

20

Nick Scoville

Nick Scoville is an American astronomer at Caltech noted for pioneering the study of carbon monoxide in molecular clouds...

Modern American Galaxies Surveys

8.2 Great