swap_horiz Hans Bethe Alternatives

1

Max Planck

German physicist who originated quantum theory by proposing that energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta. Hi...

Germany Physics Theoretical Physics Quantum Theory

9.5 Brilliant

2

Richard Feynman

American theoretical physicist who developed quantum electrodynamics and the diagrammatic method now bearing his name. H...

Physics Theoretical Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

9.4 Brilliant

3

Enrico Fermi

Italian American physicist who built the first nuclear reactor and made key contributions to quantum theory, nuclear phy...

Physics Nobel Prize Italy 20TH Century

9.3 Brilliant

4

John Bardeen

American physicist who co-invented the transistor and co-developed the theory of superconductivity. He is the only perso...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

9.0 Brilliant

5

Murray Gell-Mann

American physicist who proposed the quark model of elementary particles and introduced the concept of strangeness. He wo...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

8.9 Excellent

6

Wilhelm Rontgen

German physicist who discovered X-rays, opening a new field of medical imaging and physics. He received the first Nobel...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.9 Excellent

7

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Indian American astrophysicist who determined the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. He won the 1983 Nobel Prize...

Physics India Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.8 Excellent

8

Steven Weinberg

American theoretical physicist who helped unify the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces into the electroweak theory....

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

8.8 Excellent

9

Max Born

German physicist who provided the probabilistic interpretation of the quantum wave function. He shared the 1954 Nobel Pr...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.7 Excellent

10

Chen-Ning Yang

Chinese American physicist who co-developed gauge theory and proposed parity violation in weak interactions. He shared t...

Physics China Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.6 Excellent

11

Tsung-Dao Lee

Chinese American physicist who, with Chen-Ning Yang, proposed that parity is not conserved in weak interactions. He shar...

Physics China Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.4 Excellent

12

Kip Thorne

American theoretical physicist who advanced the understanding of gravitational waves and black holes. He shared the 2017...

Physics Nobel Prize 21ST Century Astrophysics

8.3 Excellent

13

Eugene Wigner

Hungarian American physicist who applied symmetry principles to quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. He shared the 196...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

8.3 Excellent

14

Charles Townes

American physicist who invented the maser and contributed to the development of the laser. He shared the 1964 Nobel Priz...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

8.3 Excellent

15

Arthur Compton

American physicist who demonstrated the particle nature of light through the scattering effect that bears his name. He w...

Physics Quantum Theory Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.2 Excellent

16

Maria Goeppert Mayer

German American physicist who developed the shell model of the atomic nucleus. She shared the 1963 Nobel Prize, the seco...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.1 Excellent

17

Arno Penzias

German American physicist who co-discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, strong evidence for the Big Bang....

Physics Nobel Prize Cosmology 20TH Century

8.0 Excellent

18

Albert Michelson

American physicist who measured the speed of light with great precision and showed that its speed is constant. He was th...

Physics Optics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

8.0 Excellent

19

Klaus von Klitzing

German physicist who discovered the quantum Hall effect, providing a precise standard for electrical resistance. He won...

Germany Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century

7.9 Very Good

20

Robert Millikan

American physicist who measured the charge of the electron through his oil-drop experiment. He won the 1923 Nobel Prize...

Physics Nobel Prize 20TH Century United States

7.9 Very Good