swap_horiz Henri Bergson Alternatives

1

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher whose 1762 Social Contract argued that legitimate political authority re...

French Education Politics Enlightenment

9.2 Excellent

2

Michel de Montaigne

Michel de Montaigne was a French Renaissance essayist whose Essays, first published in 1580, made skeptical self-examina...

French Renaissance Essays Skepticism

9.1 Excellent

3

Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze was a French philosopher whose work on difference, desire, and cinema shaped postwar thought, including D...

French Metaphysics Continental Difference

9.1 Excellent

4

Jacques Derrida

Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher, born in Algeria in 1930, known for deconstruction and major works such as Of G...

Language French Metaphysics Deconstruction

9.0 Excellent

5

Hilary Putnam

Hilary Putnam was an American philosopher of mind and language, notable for semantic externalism and the 1975 Twin Earth...

Realism American Analytic Mind

8.9 Great

6

Voltaire

Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer and philosopher whose 1759 Candide satirized optimism and defended tolerance,...

French Religion Enlightenment Liberty

8.8 Great

7

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was a French phenomenologist whose Phenomenology of Perception (1945) emphasized embodiment and li...

Body French Perception Phenomenology

8.8 Great

8

Patanjali

Patanjali was an ancient Indian author credited with the Yoga Sutra, a concise text that organized classical yoga around...

Indian Yoga Ancient Mind

8.7 Great

9

Montesquieu

Montesquieu was a French political philosopher whose 1748 Spirit of the Laws argued for separation of powers and compara...

French Law Politics Enlightenment

8.7 Great

10

Emmanuel Levinas

Emmanuel Levinas was a Lithuanian-born French philosopher notable for making ethics a first philosophy in Totality and I...

French Ethics Phenomenology Otherness

8.7 Great

11

Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot was a French philosopher who co-edited the Encyclopedie from 1751, making it a central project of Enlighte...

French Encyclopedia Materialism Enlightenment

8.6 Great

12

Wilfrid Sellars

Wilfrid Sellars was an American philosopher whose 1956 Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind attacked the myth of the gi...

American Epistemology Analytic Mind

8.4 Great

13

Thomas Nagel

Thomas Nagel is an American philosopher noted for What Is It Like to Be a Bat? (1974), a landmark argument about conscio...

American Ethics Analytic Mind

8.4 Great

14

Paul Ricoeur

Paul Ricoeur was a French philosopher whose hermeneutics linked phenomenology, language, and narrative identity in works...

French Narrative Ethics Hermeneutics

8.4 Great

15

Daniel Dennett

Daniel Dennett was an American philosopher of mind, notable for Darwin's Dangerous Idea (1995) and his naturalistic acco...

American Cognitive Science Naturalism Mind

8.3 Great

16

Peter Abelard

Peter Abelard was a 12th-century French scholastic philosopher whose Sic et Non used conflicting authorities to train di...

French Logic Medieval Ethics

8.2 Great

17

Simone Weil

Simone Weil was a French philosopher and social critic, notable for writings on attention, affliction, labor, and mystic...

French Politics Ethics Mysticism

8.2 Great

18

Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras was a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who brought Ionian inquiry to Athens and made Nous, or mind, a cosmic...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Mind

8.1 Great

19

Gilbert Ryle

Gilbert Ryle was a British philosopher whose 1949 The Concept of Mind attacked Cartesian dualism and popularized the phr...

Language British Analytic Mind

8.1 Great

20

John Searle

John Searle is an American philosopher of language and mind, known for speech act theory and the Chinese Room argument p...

Language American Analytic Mind

8.0 Great