swap_horiz Judith Butler Alternatives

1

John Rawls

John Rawls was an American political philosopher whose A Theory of Justice (1971) made justice as fairness central to mo...

American Politics Justice Liberalism

9.4 Excellent

2

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

3

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

4

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

5

Soren Kierkegaard

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and theologian whose 1843 Either/Or explored choice, anxiety, faith, and the...

Danish Ethics Existentialism Religion

9.1 Excellent

6

Charles Sanders Peirce

Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher and logician, founder of pragmatism, and a pioneer of semiotics and m...

American Logic Pragmatism Semiotics

9.1 Excellent

7

W. V. O. Quine

W. V. O. Quine was an American philosopher whose 1951 essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism challenged analytic-synthetic disti...

American Logic Analytic Naturalism

9.1 Excellent

8

Saul Kripke

Saul Kripke was an American philosopher and logician whose 1980 Naming and Necessity transformed theories of reference,...

Language American Logic Analytic

9.1 Excellent

9

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

10

Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze was a French philosopher whose work on difference, desire, and cinema shaped postwar thought, including D...

French Metaphysics Continental Difference

9.1 Excellent

11

David Lewis

David Lewis was an American analytic philosopher noted for modal realism, arguing in On the Plurality of Worlds (1986) t...

American Metaphysics Analytic Modality

9.0 Excellent

12

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

13

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

14

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

15

Martha Nussbaum

Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher noted for the capabilities approach, developed with Amartya Sen, and for work...

American Politics Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

16

Martha C. Nussbaum

Martha C. Nussbaum is an American philosopher whose capabilities approach links ethics, law, and development policy, not...

American Law Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

17

Thomas Nagel

Thomas Nagel is an American philosopher noted for What Is It Like to Be a Bat? (1974), a landmark argument about conscio...

American Ethics Analytic Mind

8.4 Great

18

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Judith Jarvis Thomson was an American philosopher noted for A Defense of Abortion (1971) and influential work on rights...

American Ethics Metaphysics Rights

8.2 Great

19

Christine Korsgaard

Christine Korsgaard is an American Kantian philosopher, notable for The Sources of Normativity (1996) and work on moral...

American Agency Ethics Kantianism

8.1 Great

20

Michael Sandel

Michael Sandel is an American political philosopher at Harvard, known for Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982) an...

American Politics Ethics Communitarianism

7.5 Good