swap_horiz Judith Jarvis Thomson Alternatives

1

Laozi

Laozi, also known as Lao Tzu, was an ancient Chinese philosopher and attributed author of the Daodejing. This seminal te...

Ancient Chinese Metaphysics Daoism

9.8 Brilliant

2

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th-century Catholic priest and philosopher. He developed a comprehensive system of thought integr...

Medieval Metaphysics Christian Scholasticism

9.6 Brilliant

3

Plotinus

Plotinus was a 3rd-century CE philosopher in Roman Egypt and Italy, founder of Neoplatonism and author of treatises coll...

Ancient Roman Metaphysics Neoplatonism

9.4 Excellent

4

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara was an Indian philosopher of the 8th century who systematized Advaita Vedanta, teaching nondual identity of...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.4 Excellent

5

Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza was a prominent 17th-century Dutch philosopher known for his radical ideas. His *Ethics* presented a syst...

Dutch Metaphysics Early Modern Rationalism

9.4 Excellent

6

John Rawls

John Rawls was an American political philosopher whose A Theory of Justice (1971) made justice as fairness central to mo...

American Politics Justice Liberalism

9.4 Excellent

7

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

8

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

9

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

10

W. V. O. Quine

W. V. O. Quine was an American philosopher whose 1951 essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism challenged analytic-synthetic disti...

American Logic Analytic Naturalism

9.1 Excellent

11

Saul Kripke

Saul Kripke was an American philosopher and logician whose 1980 Naming and Necessity transformed theories of reference,...

Language American Logic Analytic

9.1 Excellent

12

David Lewis

David Lewis was an American analytic philosopher noted for modal realism, arguing in On the Plurality of Worlds (1986) t...

American Metaphysics Analytic Modality

9.0 Excellent

13

Ronald Dworkin

Ronald Dworkin was an American legal philosopher whose Law's Empire (1986) argued that judges interpret law through righ...

American Law Politics Rights

8.9 Great

14

Martha Nussbaum

Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher noted for the capabilities approach, developed with Amartya Sen, and for work...

American Politics Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

15

Martha C. Nussbaum

Martha C. Nussbaum is an American philosopher whose capabilities approach links ethics, law, and development policy, not...

American Law Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

16

Thomas Nagel

Thomas Nagel is an American philosopher noted for What Is It Like to Be a Bat? (1974), a landmark argument about conscio...

American Ethics Analytic Mind

8.4 Great

17

Judith Butler

Judith Butler is an American philosopher whose Gender Trouble (1990) advanced gender performativity and reshaped feminis...

American Ethics Continental Gender

8.4 Great

18

Christine Korsgaard

Christine Korsgaard is an American Kantian philosopher, notable for The Sources of Normativity (1996) and work on moral...

American Agency Ethics Kantianism

8.1 Great

19

Michael Sandel

Michael Sandel is an American political philosopher at Harvard, known for Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982) an...

American Politics Ethics Communitarianism

7.5 Good

20

Sally Haslanger

Sally Haslanger is an American philosopher noted for analytic feminism and social ontology, including influential work o...

American Social Feminism Metaphysics

7.3 Good