swap_horiz Mary Astell Alternatives

1

David Hume

David Hume was a significant Scottish philosopher of the early-modern period. His work, particularly the *Treatise of Hu...

Empiricism Scottish Early Modern Skepticism

9.6 Brilliant

2

Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza was a prominent 17th-century Dutch philosopher known for his radical ideas. His *Ethics* presented a syst...

Dutch Metaphysics Early Modern Rationalism

9.4 Excellent

3

John Locke

John Locke was an English philosopher whose 1689 Essay Concerning Human Understanding framed empiricism and argued the m...

Empiricism Politics English Early Modern

9.4 Excellent

4

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher whose 1651 Leviathan argued that political authority arises from a social contr...

Politics English Early Modern Materialism

9.3 Excellent

5

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

6

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

7

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

8

Soren Kierkegaard

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and theologian whose 1843 Either/Or explored choice, anxiety, faith, and the...

Danish Ethics Existentialism Religion

9.1 Excellent

9

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

10

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

11

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

12

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

13

Zeno of Citium

Zeno of Citium was a Cypriot philosopher who founded Stoicism in Athens around 300 BCE, teaching virtue in accord with n...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

8.8 Great

14

Martha Nussbaum

Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher noted for the capabilities approach, developed with Amartya Sen, and for work...

American Politics Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

15

Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft was an English philosopher and feminist whose 1792 Vindication of the Rights of Woman argued for wom...

Feminism English Rights Enlightenment

8.2 Great

16

Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan was a French writer born in 1364 whose Book of the City of Ladies defended women's learning and virtu...

French Medieval Ethics Feminism

7.2 Good

17

Anne Conway

Anne Conway was a 17th-century English philosopher whose Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy proposed a...

English Metaphysics Early Modern Monism

7.2 Good

18

Maria Lugones

Maria Lugones was an Argentine feminist philosopher, known for the coloniality of gender thesis and for influential work...

Ethics Feminism Argentine Decolonial

7.2 Good

19

Harriet Taylor Mill

Harriet Taylor Mill was an English philosopher and women's rights advocate who influenced John Stuart Mill and co-wrote...

Ethics Feminism British Liberty

7.1 Good

20

Margaret Cavendish

Margaret Cavendish was a 17th-century English philosopher and writer whose Observations upon Experimental Philosophy cri...

Feminism English Early Modern Naturalism

7.0 Good