swap_horiz Niklas Luhmann Alternatives

1

Max Weber

Max Weber (1864-1920) was a German sociologist, historian, economist, and political thinker whose work helped establish...

German Classical 19TH Century Bureaucracy

9.2 Excellent

2

Georg Simmel

Georg Simmel (1858–1918) was a German sociologist who pioneered formal sociology and micro-level social interaction anal...

German Classical 19TH Century Interaction

9.2 Excellent

3

George Herbert Mead

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) was an American philosopher and social theorist associated with pragmatism and the Unive...

Classical American 20TH Century Self

9.2 Excellent

4

Robert K. Merton

Robert K. Merton (1910–2003) was an American sociologist at Columbia University who coined the terms 'role model,' 'self...

American 20TH Century Functionalism Middle Range

9.2 Excellent

5

Erving Goffman

Erving Goffman (1922–1982) was a Canadian-American sociologist who founded dramaturgical analysis, portraying everyday s...

American 20TH Century Stigma Micro Sociology

9.2 Excellent

6

Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) was a French sociologist who developed the concepts of cultural capital, habitus, and field,...

French 20TH Century Capital Field Theory

9.2 Excellent

7

James Coleman

James S. Coleman was an American sociologist whose research addressed education, inequality, organizations, and rational...

American Education 20TH Century Social Capital

9.2 Excellent

8

Norbert Elias

Norbert Elias was a German-born sociologist who lived from 1897 to 1990 and later became a British citizen. His major wo...

20TH Century Historical German British Figurational

9.2 Excellent

9

C. Wright Mills

C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) was an American sociologist known for analyzing power, social structure, and the responsibil...

American 20TH Century Conflict Power Elite

9.1 Excellent

10

Arlie Hochschild

Arlie Hochschild (born 1940) is an American sociologist at UC Berkeley who coined the term 'emotional labor' in The Mana...

American 20TH Century Feminist Labor

9.1 Excellent

11

William Julius Wilson

William Julius Wilson is an American sociologist known for research on race, employment, urban inequality, and concentra...

American 20TH Century Urban Race

9.1 Excellent

12

Paul Lazarsfeld

Paul F. Lazarsfeld (1901-1976) was an Austrian-born American sociologist who helped establish quantitative research on m...

20TH Century Quantitative Austrian American Media Effects

9.1 Excellent

13

Stuart Hall

Stuart Hall was a Jamaican-born British cultural theorist and sociologist whose work examined media, ideology, race, ide...

20TH Century Identity Race Cultural Studies

9.1 Excellent

14

Patricia Hill Collins

Patricia Hill Collins (born 1948) is an American sociologist who developed intersectionality theory and Black feminist t...

American 20TH Century Intersectionality Feminist

9.0 Excellent

15

Barrington Moore Jr.

Barrington Moore Jr. was an American historical sociologist and political scholar known for comparative studies of socia...

American 20TH Century Historical Democracy

9.0 Excellent

16

Edwin Sutherland

Edwin H. Sutherland was an American sociologist and criminologist whose work helped establish crime as a subject of syst...

American 20TH Century Criminology White Collar Crime

9.0 Excellent

17

Henri Lefebvre

Henri Lefebvre was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist whose work examined everyday life, urbanization, and the...

French Space 20TH Century Marxist

9.0 Excellent

18

Talcott Parsons

Talcott Parsons (1902–1979) was an American sociologist at Harvard University who built structural functionalism into th...

American 20TH Century Structural Systems Theory

8.9 Great

19

Ulrich Beck

German sociologist who introduced risk society theory in 'Risikogesellschaft' (1986), arguing that industrial modernity...

German Global 20TH Century Reflexive Modernization

8.9 Great

20

Thomas Luckmann

Thomas Luckmann (1927–2016) was a German-Slovenian sociologist who co-authored The Social Construction of Reality (1966)...

German 20TH Century Religion Phenomenology

8.3 Great