Arlie Hochschild

In The Managed Heart, published in 1983, Hochschild used emotional labor for the management of feelings and expressions as part of paid work. Her central examples included flight attendants expected to project warmth and bill collectors expected to display toughness.

Not in Hochschild's original definition, which concerns emotion management sold for a wage. Online usage often expands the phrase to unpaid relationship management, while Hochschild's The Second Shift separately examines unequal housework and childcare.

The second shift is the unpaid domestic work that begins after a person's paid workday ends. Hochschild and Anne Machung used the term in their 1989 book about employed couples and the unequal division of housework and childcare.

A deep story is a feeling-based narrative through which people understand their social position, even when disputed facts are set aside. In her 2016 book, Hochschild uses the idea to interpret the worldview of Tea Party supporters in Louisiana.