swap_horiz Novgorod Republic Alternatives

1

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire arose from the late Republic, becoming a dominant force in Europe and North Africa. Its vast territory...

Classical Europe Ancient Imperial

9.7 Brilliant

2

Ancient Greek civilization

Ancient Greek civilization developed from the 8th century BCE and profoundly shaped Western thought. It established infl...

Classical Europe Mediterranean Ancient

9.6 Brilliant

3

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic emerged in 509 BCE as one of history’s most influential civilizations. Its innovative political syste...

Classical Europe Mediterranean Ancient

9.2 Excellent

4

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate emerged from the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD. This medieval Islamic civilization fl...

Medieval Middle East Islamic Caliphate

9.1 Excellent

5

Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile represents the political entity formed from the union of Castile and León in 1230. This medieval Ib...

Europe Medieval Catholic Iberian

8.9 Great

6

Caliphate of Cordoba

Proclaimed in 929 by Abd-ar-Rahman III, the Caliphate of Córdoba was an Islamic state in the Iberian Peninsula that over...

Europe Medieval Islamic Iberian

8.6 Great

7

Norse civilization

The Norse civilization consisted of seafaring Scandinavian peoples known for their extensive raids, trade, and explorati...

Europe Medieval Scandinavian Viking

8.4 Great

8

Tsardom of Russia

The Tsardom of Russia, established by Ivan IV in 1547, was a centralized state noted for its rapid eastward expansion ac...

Europe Imperial Early Modern East Slavic

8.3 Great

9

Frankish Empire

The Frankish Empire was a post-Roman barbarian kingdom founded by Clovis I in the late 5th century that eventually evolv...

Europe Medieval Early Medieval Germanic

8.2 Great

10

Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice was a sovereign maritime state renowned for its naval power and spice trade, dominating Mediterra...

Italian Europe Medieval Maritime

8.2 Great

11

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a complex multi-ethnic political entity in Central Europe that lasted from 962 until its disso...

Europe Central Europe Medieval Germanic

8.1 Great

12

Grand Duchy of Moscow

The Grand Duchy of Moscow was a medieval East Slavic state from 1283 to 1547, famous for defeating the Golden Horde and...

Europe Medieval Orthodox East Slavic

7.8 Good

13

Crown of Aragon

Created by the dynastic union of Aragon and Barcelona in 1137, the Crown of Aragon was a composite monarchy that dominat...

Europe Mediterranean Medieval Iberian

7.8 Good

14

Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus' was a medieval East Slavic state founded around 882 that disintegrated after the Mongol invasion of 1240, le...

Europe Medieval Orthodox East Slavic

7.7 Good

15

Swiss Confederacy

Established by the Federal Charter of 1291, the Swiss Confederacy was a defensive alliance of Alpine communities that su...

Europe Medieval Republican Central European

7.3 Good

16

First Bulgarian Empire

The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval state established in 681 AD on the Balkan Peninsula, noted for spreading Slavi...

Europe Medieval Slavic Orthodox

7.2 Good

17

Second Bulgarian Empire

Emerging in 1185 after a successful rebellion, the Second Bulgarian Empire was a major Balkan power that presided over a...

Europe Medieval Slavic Orthodox

6.8 Fair

18

Khazar Khaganate

The Khazar Khaganate was a major Turkic semi-nomadic empire in the Caucasus and Pontic steppe from 650 to 969 AD, unique...

Europe Medieval Nomadic Turkic

6.7 Fair

19

Serbian Empire

The Serbian Empire was a dominant Balkan state in the 14th century under Stefan Dušan, recognized for its vast territori...

Europe Medieval Slavic Orthodox

6.5 Fair

20

Volga Bulgaria

Volga Bulgaria was a medieval state from the 7th to 13th centuries in the Volga-Kama region of modern Russia, noted for...

Europe Medieval Islamic Turkic

6.3 Fair