swap_horiz Oswald Spengler Alternatives

1

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun was a 14th-century North African scholar and one of history’s earliest social scientists. His *Muqaddimah* o...

Medieval North African Islamic Sociological

9.2 Excellent

2

Leopold von Ranke

Leopold von Ranke was a prominent German 19th-century historian renowned for his rigorous approach to historical researc...

German 19TH Century Archival Political

9.2 Excellent

3

Johan Huizinga

Johan Huizinga was a Dutch historian renowned for his anthropological approach to studying medieval culture. His seminal...

Cultural 20TH Century Medieval Dutch

9.2 Excellent

4

Marc Bloch

Marc Bloch was a prominent French historian of the 20th century. He is best known for his foundational work in Annales S...

French Social 20TH Century Medieval

9.2 Excellent

5

Fernand Braudel

Fernand Braudel was a prominent 20th-century French historian known for his work on long-term historical processes. He d...

French Mediterranean 20TH Century Economic

9.2 Excellent

6

Carlo Ginzburg

Carlo Ginzburg is a prominent Italian historian specializing in the early modern period. He pioneered microhistory, exam...

Italian Cultural 20TH Century Early Modern

9.2 Excellent

7

Quentin Skinner

Quentin Skinner is a prominent British historian specializing in early modern political thought. His work focuses on the...

Intellectual 20TH Century British Early Modern

9.2 Excellent

8

James McPherson

James McPherson is a prominent American historian specializing in the 20th and 21st centuries. He’s particularly renowne...

Military American 20TH Century Civil War

9.2 Excellent

9

Eric Foner

Eric Foner is a leading American historian specializing in the Reconstruction era and the history of slavery. His work s...

American 20TH Century Political Reconstruction

9.2 Excellent

10

Marshall Hodgson

Marshall G. S. Hodgson was an American historian of Islam and world history at the University of Chicago. His three-volu...

American 20TH Century Islamic World History

8.9 Great

11

William McNeill

William H. McNeill was a Canadian-American historian known for writing large-scale histories of interactions among socie...

American 20TH Century Comparative Disease

8.8 Great

12

Alfred Crosby

Alfred W. Crosby was an American historian whose work examined how biological and ecological processes shaped world hist...

American Environmental 20TH Century World History

8.8 Great

13

R.G. Collingwood

R. G. Collingwood (1889-1943) was an English philosopher, historian, and archaeologist whose work addressed the nature a...

Philosophical 20TH Century British Ancient

8.6 Great

14

Fritz Fischer

Fritz Fischer (1908-1999) was a German historian who specialized in modern German history and the origins of the First W...

German 20TH Century World War I War Guilt

8.6 Great

15

Hans-Ulrich Wehler

Hans-Ulrich Wehler was a German historian whose work helped establish the Bielefeld School of social history. He emphasi...

German Social 20TH Century Structural

8.5 Great

16

Paul Veyne

Paul Veyne was a French historian and archaeologist whose scholarship focused on ancient Rome and the methods used to wr...

French Philosophical 20TH Century Ancient

8.3 Great

17

Detlev Peukert

Detlev Peukert (1950-1990) was a German historian of modern Germany whose work connected political history with the hist...

German Social 20TH Century Nazi Germany

8.2 Great

18

Wolfgang Mommsen

Wolfgang J. Mommsen (1930-2004) was a German historian of modern Europe and a professor at the University of Düsseldorf....

German 20TH Century Political Imperialism

8.2 Great

19

Hagen Schulze

Hagen Schulze (1943-2019) was a German historian and professor at the Free University of Berlin. His scholarship examine...

German 20TH Century Political National

8.0 Great

20

Arnold Toynbee

Arnold Toynbee was a British historian best known for A Study of History, a twelve-volume comparative work published bet...

20TH Century Comparative British World History

7.7 Good