swap_horiz Peter Abelard Alternatives

1

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein was a prominent 20th-century philosopher born in Austria. His work profoundly impacted fields like l...

Language Austrian Logic Analytic

9.7 Brilliant

2

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas was a 13th-century Catholic priest and philosopher. He developed a comprehensive system of thought integr...

Medieval Metaphysics Christian Scholasticism

9.6 Brilliant

3

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara was an Indian philosopher of the 8th century who systematized Advaita Vedanta, teaching nondual identity of...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.4 Excellent

4

Gottlob Frege

Gottlob Frege was a German logician whose 1879 Begriffsschrift founded modern predicate logic and transformed philosophy...

Language German Mathematics Logic

9.4 Excellent

5

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

6

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher and logician who co-wrote Principia Mathematica and won the 1950 Nobel Prize...

Language Logic British Analytic

9.3 Excellent

7

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

8

Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali was an 11th-century Persian theologian whose Incoherence of the Philosophers challenged Avicennian metaphysic...

Medieval Islamic Theology Skepticism

9.2 Excellent

9

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher whose 1762 Social Contract argued that legitimate political authority re...

French Education Politics Enlightenment

9.2 Excellent

10

Edmund Husserl

Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher who founded phenomenology, launching the movement with Logical Investigations, p...

German Logic Consciousness Phenomenology

9.2 Excellent

11

W. V. O. Quine

W. V. O. Quine was an American philosopher whose 1951 essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism challenged analytic-synthetic disti...

American Logic Analytic Naturalism

9.1 Excellent

12

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi was a 10th-century philosopher from Central Asia whose Arabic works joined Plato and Aristotle with political...

Logic Medieval Politics Islamic

8.8 Great

13

Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury was an Italian-born monk and archbishop whose Proslogion presented an ontological argument for God'...

Logic Medieval Theology Christian

8.8 Great

14

William of Ockham

William of Ockham was a 14th-century English Franciscan philosopher known for nominalism and the principle later called...

Logic Medieval English Nominalism

8.7 Great

15

Emmanuel Levinas

Emmanuel Levinas was a Lithuanian-born French philosopher notable for making ethics a first philosophy in Totality and I...

French Ethics Phenomenology Otherness

8.7 Great

16

Paul Ricoeur

Paul Ricoeur was a French philosopher whose hermeneutics linked phenomenology, language, and narrative identity in works...

French Narrative Ethics Hermeneutics

8.4 Great

17

Simone Weil

Simone Weil was a French philosopher and social critic, notable for writings on attention, affliction, labor, and mystic...

French Politics Ethics Mysticism

8.2 Great

18

Gersonides

Gersonides was a 14th-century Jewish philosopher in Provence whose Wars of the Lord addressed providence, astronomy, and...

Astronomy Logic Medieval Jewish

7.5 Good

19

Gabriel Marcel

Gabriel Marcel was a French existential philosopher and playwright, known for Christian existentialism and the distincti...

French Ethics Existentialism Religion

7.3 Good

20

Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan was a French writer born in 1364 whose Book of the City of Ladies defended women's learning and virtu...

French Medieval Ethics Feminism

7.2 Good