swap_horiz Peter Singer Alternatives

1

John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher whose 1859 On Liberty defended individual freedom and whose utilitarianism s...

Ethics British Liberty Utilitarianism

9.3 Excellent

2

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

3

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

4

Soren Kierkegaard

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and theologian whose 1843 Either/Or explored choice, anxiety, faith, and the...

Danish Ethics Existentialism Religion

9.1 Excellent

5

Derek Parfit

Derek Parfit was a British philosopher noted for Reasons and Persons (1984), which reshaped debates on identity, rationa...

Ethics Identity British Reasons

9.1 Excellent

6

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

7

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

8

Bernard Williams

Bernard Williams was a British moral philosopher known for Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985) and critiques of u...

Politics Ethics British Moral Psychology

8.9 Great

9

Zeno of Citium

Zeno of Citium was a Cypriot philosopher who founded Stoicism in Athens around 300 BCE, teaching virtue in accord with n...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

8.8 Great

10

Martha Nussbaum

Martha Nussbaum is an American philosopher noted for the capabilities approach, developed with Amartya Sen, and for work...

American Politics Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

11

Emmanuel Levinas

Emmanuel Levinas was a Lithuanian-born French philosopher notable for making ethics a first philosophy in Totality and I...

French Ethics Phenomenology Otherness

8.7 Great

12

Martha C. Nussbaum

Martha C. Nussbaum is an American philosopher whose capabilities approach links ethics, law, and development policy, not...

American Law Ethics Capabilities

8.7 Great

13

Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who founded classical utilitarianism and promoted legal reform through the gre...

Law Ethics British Utilitarianism

8.6 Great

14

Diogenes of Sinope

Diogenes of Sinope was a Greek Cynic philosopher of the 4th century BCE, famous for radical simplicity and criticism of...

Ethics Ancient Greek Cynicism

8.5 Great

15

Seneca

Seneca was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist who advised Nero and wrote major moral essays and letters...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.5 Great

16

Elizabeth Anscombe

Elizabeth Anscombe was a British philosopher whose Intention (1957) transformed action theory and whose work helped revi...

Action Ethics British Analytic

8.5 Great

17

Mozi

Mozi was a Chinese philosopher of the 5th century BCE whose Mohist school argued for impartial care, frugality, and meri...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Mohism

8.4 Great

18

Judith Butler

Judith Butler is an American philosopher whose Gender Trouble (1990) advanced gender performativity and reshaped feminis...

American Ethics Continental Gender

8.4 Great

19

Paul Ricoeur

Paul Ricoeur was a French philosopher whose hermeneutics linked phenomenology, language, and narrative identity in works...

French Narrative Ethics Hermeneutics

8.4 Great

20

Mary Midgley

Mary Midgley was a British philosopher noted for Beast and Man (1978), criticizing reductionism and linking ethics with...

Science Ethics British Animals

7.4 Good