swap_horiz Vasubandhu Alternatives

1

Laozi

Laozi, also known as Lao Tzu, was an ancient Chinese philosopher and attributed author of the Daodejing. This seminal te...

Ancient Chinese Metaphysics Daoism

9.8 Brilliant

2

Nagarjuna

Nagarjuna was a pivotal figure in early Buddhist philosophy. He developed the Madhyamaka school, exploring the concept o...

Indian Ancient Buddhist Emptiness

9.7 Brilliant

3

Plotinus

Plotinus was a 3rd-century CE philosopher in Roman Egypt and Italy, founder of Neoplatonism and author of treatises coll...

Ancient Roman Metaphysics Neoplatonism

9.4 Excellent

4

Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara was an Indian philosopher of the 8th century who systematized Advaita Vedanta, teaching nondual identity of...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Metaphysics

9.4 Excellent

5

Heraclitus

Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher from Ephesus, active around 500 BCE, notable for doctrines of constant change and the...

Change Ancient Greek Presocratic

9.3 Excellent

6

Parmenides

Parmenides was a Greek philosopher from Elea whose poem On Nature argued that true being is ungenerated, unchanging, and...

Ancient Greek Presocratic Being

9.3 Excellent

7

Epicurus

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the Garden in Athens in 306 BCE and made pleasure, friendship, and freedom...

Ethics Ancient Greek Epicureanism

9.2 Excellent

8

Chrysippus

Chrysippus was a 3rd-century BCE Stoic philosopher whose logic and ethics systematized Stoicism and shaped its later Rom...

Logic Ancient Greek Stoicism

9.1 Excellent

9

Mencius

Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher of the 4th century BCE who argued that human nature is good and shaped later...

Ethics Ancient Chinese Confucianism

9.1 Excellent

10

Epictetus

Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher, formerly enslaved, whose Discourses and Enchiridion teach control over judgment...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

11

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE and a Stoic philosopher whose Meditations records private ethical r...

Ethics Ancient Roman Stoicism

8.9 Great

12

Zeno of Citium

Zeno of Citium was a Cypriot philosopher who founded Stoicism in Athens around 300 BCE, teaching virtue in accord with n...

Ethics Ancient Greek Stoicism

8.8 Great

13

Patanjali

Patanjali was an ancient Indian author credited with the Yoga Sutra, a concise text that organized classical yoga around...

Indian Yoga Ancient Mind

8.7 Great

14

Zeno of Elea

Zeno of Elea was a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher known for paradoxes of motion, including Achilles and the tortoise.

Logic Ancient Greek Paradox

8.6 Great

15

Lucretius

Lucretius was a Roman poet and Epicurean thinker whose 1st-century BCE poem On the Nature of Things explains atomism in...

Ancient Poetry Roman Epicureanism

8.6 Great

16

Ramanuja

Ramanuja was an Indian theologian of the 11th or 12th century who founded Vishishtadvaita Vedanta and defended devotion...

Indian Medieval Vedanta Theology

8.6 Great

17

Dharmakirti

Dharmakirti was an Indian Buddhist philosopher of the 7th century whose Pramanavarttika became a major work on logic and...

Indian Medieval Epistemology Buddhist

8.5 Great

18

Dignaga

Dignaga was an Indian Buddhist logician of the 5th or 6th century who helped found Buddhist epistemology with theories o...

Logic Indian Ancient Buddhist

8.2 Great

19

Kanada

Kanada was an ancient Indian philosopher credited with the Vaisheshika school, which classified reality through categori...

Indian Ancient Metaphysics Vaisesika

7.7 Good

20

Gautama Akshapada

Gautama Akshapada was an ancient Indian philosopher credited with the Nyaya Sutra, a foundational text on logic, debate,...

Logic Indian Ancient Nyaya

7.7 Good