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The Treaty of Osnabrück was a pivotal agreement concluded as part of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. It formalized negotiations between the Holy Roman Empire and France regarding territorial adjustments and religious rights within the empire. This treaty significantly reshaped European political bo...
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The Treaty of Münster concluded the Eighty Years’ War between the Netherlands and Spain in 1648. It formally recognized Dutch independence, establishing a new era of European state sovereignty. Part of the broader Peace of Westphalia, this treaty significantly reshaped international relations by sol...
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