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Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female

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description Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female Overview

Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female is a pamphlet written by Frances M. Beal in 1969 and published by the Third World Women's Alliance. In this foundational text of intersectional feminism, Beal analyzes how Black women face simultaneous and compounding oppression due to both racism and sexism. The pamphlet critiques the mainstream feminist movement for its racism and the civil rights movement for its sexism, arguing that neither movement adequately addresses the unique struggles of Black women.

Beal's analysis helped establish a framework for understanding how multiple forms of oppression intersect, influencing later feminist thought.

help Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female FAQ

Who wrote the pamphlet Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female?

The pamphlet was written by Frances M. Beal in 1969. It was published by the Third World Women's Alliance as a foundational text of intersectional feminism.

What is the main argument of Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female?

In the text, Beal analyzes how Black women face simultaneous and compounding oppression due to both their race and their gender. She argued that this 'double jeopardy' creates a unique struggle that mainstream feminist and civil rights movements were ignoring.

When was Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female published?

The pamphlet was originally published in 1969. It emerged during the height of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements in the United States.

Why is Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female historically significant?

It is widely considered a foundational text of intersectional feminism, predating the formal academic use of the term by decades. It highlighted the specific systemic marginalization faced by Black women within both white feminist spaces and male-dominated civil rights organizations.

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