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Umm Jirsan

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description Umm Jirsan Overview

Umm Jirsan is a significant lava tube within the Harrat Rahat volcanic field in Saudi Arabia. It represents the longest cave system documented in the Arab world based on current surveys. The site’s notable feature is the extensive collection of animal remains discovered within its complex network, offering valuable insights into past environmental conditions and prehistoric fauna. Researchers and paleontologists studying Middle Eastern geology and ancient ecosystems find this location particularly important.

help Umm Jirsan FAQ

Is Umm Jirsan in Harrat Rahat or Harrat Khaybar?

Published archaeological research places Umm Jirsan in the Harrat Khaybar lava field, north of Medina. Descriptions assigning it to Harrat Rahat appear to confuse two separate volcanic fields in western Saudi Arabia.

Why are there so many animal bones inside Umm Jirsan?

Large accumulations were created in part by carnivores, especially striped hyenas that used the cave as a den and carried prey remains inside. The deposits contain bones from domestic and wild animals spanning thousands of years.

How long is the Umm Jirsan lava-tube system?

Survey reports describe roughly 1.5 kilometers of passages divided by roof collapses. It is widely identified as the longest known lava-tube system in Arabia, though reported measurements vary with survey definitions.

Did prehistoric people live in Umm Jirsan?

Archaeological work published in 2024 found repeated human use rather than evidence of one continuously occupied underground settlement. Excavations recovered stone artifacts, animal remains, and other traces connected to pastoral movement through the region.

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