Top Results for Map Lichen

Yellow-green patches divided by dark lines give Rhizocarpon geographicum its familiar name, map lichen. It grows mainly on exposed siliceous rock, forming a crust closely attached to the surface. The small, separate areas of lichen tissue create an areolate pattern, meaning a surface broken into isl...

Broad lobes crossed by a network of ridges give Lobaria pulmonaria the lung-like appearance behind its common name, lungwort. This large foliose lichen has a leaf-like body and grows mainly on mature tree bark in humid forests, with shaded rock providing a less frequent substrate. Its substantial lo...

Pale gray and repeatedly branching, Cladonia rangiferina forms dense tufts on soil, humus and other acidic substrates. Commonly called reindeer lichen, it has a fruticose growth form, meaning its body develops as branching structures rather than a flat crust or leafy sheet. It is widespread in arcti...

Iceland moss, Cetraria islandica, is a ground-growing lichen with erect or spreading, leafy lobes that branch into an upright growth form. It occurs in arctic, subarctic and alpine environments. The common name can be misleading because it is not a moss; its structure belongs to a lichen, in which a...

Orange to reddish-orange colonies of Xanthoria elegans grow on exposed rock in alpine, polar and other cold environments. Its foliose body has leaf-like lobes, giving it a different structure from the tightly attached, patchwork crusts of many rock lichens. Protective pigments produce the strong col...

Known as oakmoss, Evernia prunastri grows as gray-green, bushy tufts on the bark and branches of trees, especially in temperate woodland. Despite the common name, it is a lichen rather than a moss: its body is formed by a fungus living with photosynthetic partners. Its branching, fruticose form sepa...

Wolf lichen, Letharia vulpina, forms yellow to yellow-green branching tufts on trees and other woody surfaces in western North America. Its fruticose body projects outward from its substrate, rather than spreading as a flat crust. The strong color makes it a noticeable part of the lichen cover on su...

Conspicuous red tips make Cladonia cristatella, or British soldiers lichen, recognizable among the pale lichens of open ground and decaying wood. The slender gray-green stalks are called podetia and may be branched or unbranched. Their red apothecia are reproductive structures that produce fungal sp...

Teloschistes flavicans forms yellow to orange branching tufts, giving it a warm-colored, three-dimensional appearance. It is a fruticose lichen, meaning its body develops as projecting branches rather than broad leaf-like lobes. It grows on bark and other exposed surfaces, especially where humid coa...

Lobaria oregana is a large foliose lichen commonly known as Oregon lungwort. It has broad, lobed thalli and is associated with moist, mature conifer forests in western North America, where it can grow on tree trunks and branches, including in forest canopies. The lichen contains cyanobacteria in som...

Usnea barbata, commonly called old man's beard, is a hair-like fruticose lichen that forms gray-green strands hanging from the branches of trees. It is an epiphytic organism, meaning that it uses the supporting plant for attachment rather than drawing nourishment from its tissues. Usnea species are...

Cladonia stellaris is a fruticose lichen in the genus Cladonia, commonly called reindeer lichen or reindeer moss. It forms pale gray to whitish, highly branched cushions or rounded clumps and is associated with open, acidic, nutrient-poor ground in northern forests, heathlands, and tundra. It is an...

Lobaria amplissima is a large foliose lichen in the family Lobariaceae. It has broad, rounded lobes and is associated with humid, oceanic habitats, where it commonly grows on the bark of mature trees. Its presence is used in ecological assessment because populations can indicate long-established woo...

Alectoria sarmentosa is a gray-green, hairlike fruticose lichen commonly called witch's hair or beard lichen. It grows as long, pendulous strands on the branches of conifers and other trees in boreal and montane forests of North America and Eurasia. The lichen forms part of the winter forage availab...

Parmotrema perlatum is a large foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae, commonly known as ruffle lichen. Its gray-green thallus consists of broad, rounded lobes with a wrinkled or ruffled appearance, and it typically grows on tree bark in temperate habitats. The species contains aromatic lichen co...

Ramalina menziesii is a gray-green, branching fruticose lichen commonly called lace lichen. It grows epiphytically, hanging from the branches of trees in western North America, especially in forests and woodlands with suitable humidity. California designated it the official state lichen in 2015, mak...

Lobaria scrobiculata is a large foliose lichen in the family Lobariaceae. Its blue-gray to green thallus has broad lobes with a deeply wrinkled, pitted, or scrobiculate surface, giving the species its name. It is associated with humid, relatively undisturbed woodland and can be useful in assessing h...

The Hereford Mappa Mundi is a significant medieval map created circa 1300 in England. Constructed on vellum, it presents a representation of the world from a Judeo-Christian perspective. This detailed cartographic relic offers valuable insight into medieval beliefs and geographical knowledge. It’s p...

Pseudevernia furfuracea is a branched, shrubby fruticose lichen that grows on the bark and branches of trees in temperate regions. It is commonly called tree moss and has gray-green upper surfaces with darker lower branches. Extracts from the species have been used as raw materials in perfumery, whe...

Xanthoria parietina is a foliose lichen commonly known as the maritime sunburst lichen or common orange lichen. Its leaf-like lobes are usually yellow, orange, or yellow-green, and mature specimens often develop dark reproductive discs on the upper surface. The species grows on bark, rock, and other...

Bryoria fremontii is a dark, hairlike fruticose lichen native to western North America and commonly known as wila. It grows mainly on the branches of coniferous trees. Indigenous peoples of the region have traditionally used it as food after preparation such as boiling or leaching, processes that he...

Crocodia aurata is a large foliose lichen in the family Lobariaceae, commonly known as golden lung lichen. Its thallus has yellow to golden coloration and a ridged or wrinkled surface, features that distinguish it from many green or gray foliose lichens. The species is associated with humid tropical...

Graphis scripta, the script lichen, is a crustose lichen that grows primarily on the bark of trees. Its pale, tightly attached thallus is marked by black lirellae, elongated fungal fruiting structures that resemble written characters or strokes of script. The species is associated with shaded woodla...

Degelia plumbea is a large foliose cyanolichen distinguished by its lead-gray, brain-like ridged lobes, serving as a strong indicator species for undisturbed oceanic woodlands.

Pseudocyphellaria aurata is a foliose lichen with a leafy thallus and a cyanobacterial photobiont. It is recognized by yellow markings, including yellow pseudocyphellae and often yellow margins or exposed internal tissue, which contrast with its darker upper surface. The species grows mainly on bark...

Sticta canariensis is a cyanolichen notable for its large, fern-like lobes, serving as a crucial indicator species of ancient, unpolluted woodlands in the United Kingdom.

Dibaeis baeomyces is a terricolous lichen that commonly grows on acidic, exposed soils, especially where vegetation is sparse or the ground has been disturbed. Its primary thallus is crustose to squamulose, while its most distinctive reproductive structures are pale stalks bearing pink to red apothe...

Pseudocyphellaria crocata is a foliose lichen with broad, leafy lobes and a cyanobacterial photobiont. It is distinguished by yellow soralia, which produce powdery vegetative propagules, and by yellow coloration in the medulla or other internal parts of the thallus. The lichen is associated with hum...

Umbilicaria mammulata, commonly called smooth rock tripe, is a foliose lichen that attaches to exposed rock through a central point, giving the thallus an umbilicate form. It has broad, brown to dark brown plates with a comparatively smooth upper surface and a dark lower side. The species occurs on...