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The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, lying between Sweden to the west and Finland to the east. It is divided into the Bothnian Sea in the south and the Bay of Bothnia in the north, with the narrow Kvarken region between them. River inflow and limited exchange with saltier B...
Why this score
Large low-salinity Baltic arm with winter ice, archipelago coasts, and strong regional importance.
Scoring methodology
The Tornio River, also called the Torne, flows from northern Sweden toward the Gulf of Bothnia and forms much of the border between Sweden and Finland. Together with its tributaries, it constitutes one of Europe's comparatively uncommon large, substantially free-flowing river systems. The river is p...
Why this score
Finland-Sweden border, salmon reputation, and free-flowing status give strong Nordic ecological standing.
Scoring methodology
