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Bartolomeo Cristofori

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description Bartolomeo Cristofori Overview

Bartolomeo Cristofori (c. 1655-1720) was an Italian instrument maker who developed the early pianoforte in Florence. His innovation centered on a mechanism that translated touch into dynamic variation of sound, unlike existing harpsichords which produced consistent volume. This allowed for expressive control and nuanced performance.

Cristofori’s invention proved particularly useful for composers and musicians seeking greater flexibility in their music during the 18th century.

help Bartolomeo Cristofori FAQ

What instrument did Bartolomeo Cristofori invent?

Cristofori is widely credited with inventing the piano in the early 18th century, initially naming his creation the 'gravicembalo col piano e forte'. This mechanism allowed players to control dynamic volume through touch.

Which famous employer hired Cristofori to build instruments?

In 1688, Ferdinando de' Medici, the Grand Prince of Tuscany, hired Cristofori to maintain and build musical instruments for the Medici court in Florence. This patronage provided him the resources to experiment with hammer-action mechanisms.

Where are the only three surviving pianos built by Cristofori located?

Only three authentic Cristofori pianos survive today, with one dating as far back as 1720. They are preserved in major museums located in New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art), Rome, and Leipzig.

How did Cristofori's piano mechanism differ from the harpsichord?

While the harpsichord plucks strings to produce sound, Cristofori invented an 'escapement' mechanism where hammers strike the strings and immediately fall back. This revolutionary design is what allowed musicians to play both soft (piano) and loud (forte) notes.