Black Stone

Muslim tradition does not specify its composition, though many Western observers have speculated it is a meteorite or agate. No scientific analysis has been permitted, as it is revered as a holy relic. The stone is set in a silver frame at the eastern corner of the Kaaba in Mecca.

In 930 AD, the Qarmatians raided Mecca and removed the Black Stone, holding it for ransom for over 20 years before returning it in 952. It was broken into several pieces during the theft. The silver frame now holds the fragments together.

Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter Mecca and therefore cannot approach the Kaaba or the Black Stone. Even during the Hajj, the crush of pilgrims means few are close enough to touch it directly. Pilgrims salute it from a distance if they cannot reach it.

It is roughly the size of a large fist, estimated at about 30 cm or 12 inches in diameter. Several pieces are visible through the silver mounting, indicating past breakage. Its worn surface suggests centuries of veneration and handling.