DB ICE 4 (Class 412)

The ICE 4 (Class 412) is a Siemens-built multiple-unit train that entered service with Deutsche Bahn in 2017 to replace older fleets like the ICE 1 and ICE 2. Unlike the ICE 3, which features concentrated power cars, the ICE 4 uses a distributed traction system with powered cars spread throughout the trainset. It was designed to be highly modular, allowing Deutsche Bahn to configure trainsets with varying numbers of cars ranging from 7 to 12.

The DB ICE 4 is designed for high-speed passenger service with a top operational speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). This allows it to operate efficiently on Germany's dedicated high-speed rail lines, connecting major cities quickly. The train entered regular passenger service in December 2017 to modernize Deutsche Bahn's long-distance network.

The DB Class 412, commonly known as the ICE 4, was manufactured by a consortium led by Siemens Mobility. Siemens handled the overall design and traction equipment, while other companies in the consortium supplied components like the car bodies and interior fittings. Deutsche Bahn initially ordered up to 137 of these trainsets to overhaul their long-distance routes.

An ICE 4 trainset is formally classified under multiple European vehicle numbers, primarily utilizing Class 412 for the powered intermediate cars and Class 812 for the unpowered cars. This classification reflects its multiple-unit design, where individual powered and trailer cars are semi-permanently coupled together. The exact configuration of Class 412 and 812 cars varies depending on whether it is assembled as a shorter 7-car or longer 12-car version.