Giant hummingbird

The giant hummingbird is the largest member of the hummingbird family, measuring up to 23 centimeters (9 inches) in length. It weighs roughly 18 to 24 grams, which is significantly heavier than the average ruby-throated hummingbird that weighs about 3 grams. Despite its size, it still beats its wings rapidly to hover and feed.

This massive hummingbird is native to the Andes mountains in South America, typically found at high elevations. There are populations that reside year-round in countries like Peru and Ecuador. A separate migratory population travels down to the lowlands of Chile and Argentina.

A major genomic study published in 2024 revealed that the giant hummingbird complex is actually two distinct species: the northern resident species and the southern migratory species. The two populations diverged millions of years ago but look virtually identical to the human eye. This split helps scientists better understand their different migratory behaviors and genetics.

The giant hummingbird has been recorded flying at incredible altitudes, sometimes exceeding 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) in the Andes. To survive in this thin air, it has evolved highly efficient hemoglobin to maximize oxygen absorption. The migratory southern species also undertakes epic journeys over the Andes mountains.