description Lateran Treaty Overview
The Lateran Treaty of 1929 established diplomatic relations between Italy and the Holy See. It resolved long-standing disputes concerning papal sovereignty within Vatican City, a newly recognized independent state. The treaty provided formal recognition of Vatican City’s existence and addressed issues of ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Primarily for Italy and the Vatican, it marked a significant step in stabilizing the region following World War I.
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Lateran Treaty ranks #61 of 152 in the Treaty ranking, behind SALT I, ahead of Treaty of Utrecht.
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What did the Lateran Treaty establish in 1929?
The Lateran Treaty of 1929 established Vatican City as an independent, sovereign state. It was an agreement between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See to resolve the long-standing "Roman Question" regarding papal sovereignty.
Who signed the Lateran Treaty for Italy and the Vatican?
Benito Mussolini signed on behalf of the Kingdom of Italy, while Cardinal Pietro Gasparri signed on behalf of Pope Pius XI. The treaty provided the Pope with absolute independence and financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States.
What was the "Roman Question" that the Lateran Treaty solved?
The Roman Question refers to the political dispute that arose in 1870 when the newly unified Kingdom of Italy seized the Papal States, leaving the Pope a self-described "prisoner in the Vatican." The 1929 treaty resolved this by granting the Pope sovereign territory.
Is the Lateran Treaty still in effect today?
While parts of the treaty were amended by a new concordat in 1984, the core principle of Vatican independence established in 1929 remains in effect. It continues to be the legal foundation for Vatican City's existence as a recognized state.
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