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Old World Swallowtail

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description Old World Swallowtail Overview

The Old World swallowtail is a widely distributed butterfly species scientifically named Papilio machaon, inhabiting regions across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is notable for being one of the few butterfly species capable of surviving in the high Arctic environment. The butterfly is recognized by its large yellow wings marked with black vein-like patterns and distinctive tail extensions on its hindwings. Its caterpillars typically feed on plants from the Apiaceae family, such as wild carrots and fennel.

help Old World Swallowtail FAQ

How can I identify an Old World swallowtail?

Papilio machaon has yellow wings patterned with black veins, blue markings near the hindwing edges, and red eyespots. Each hindwing also carries a short tail, which gives the swallowtail family its common name.

Where does the Old World swallowtail live?

Its broad range extends across Europe and much of temperate Asia, with related populations reaching North America. Some populations survive at very high latitudes, including Arctic and sub-Arctic environments.

What plants do Old World swallowtail caterpillars eat?

The larvae generally feed on plants in the carrot family, including wild carrot, fennel, and milk parsley. In Britain, the restricted native population is particularly associated with milk parsley in the Norfolk Broads.

How does an Old World swallowtail caterpillar defend itself?

When threatened, the caterpillar can extend a forked scent organ called an osmeterium from behind its head. This orange structure releases a strong odor intended to discourage predators.

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