description Pygmy shark Overview
The pygmy shark (Euprotomicrus bispinatus) is a small species of squaliform shark belonging to the family Dalatiidae, commonly known as the kitefin sharks. It holds the distinction of being the only extant member of its genus, Euprotomicrus. Inhabiting deep oceanic waters, this shark possesses photophores on its ventral side that allow it to produce a bioluminescent glow. Reaching maximum lengths of roughly 27 centimeters, it is recognized as one of the smallest known shark species in the world.
help Pygmy shark FAQ
How small is the pygmy shark?
Euprotomicrus bispinatus reaches a maximum reported length of about 27 centimeters, making it one of the smallest shark species. Males mature at roughly 17 to 19 centimeters, while females mature at about 22 to 23 centimeters. [Shark Research Institute](https://www.sharks.org/pygmy-shark-euprotomicrus-bispinatus) [Australian shark report](https://www.fish.gov.au/docs/SharkReport/2023_FRDC_Euprotomicrus_bispinatus_final.pdf)
Where does the pygmy shark live?
It is an open-ocean shark that uses epipelagic and mesopelagic waters rather than coastal reefs. It can move from near the surface at night to depths of more than 1,300 feet during the day and may travel deeper. [Hawaii Sharks](https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/sharks/pygmy-shark/)
Why does the pygmy shark glow underneath?
The shark has luminous organs on the underside of its body and a dark upper surface, giving it a strongly contrasting black-and-glowing appearance. This bioluminescent pattern is a defining feature of Euprotomicrus bispinatus, although the exact role of the light is not fully settled. [Shark Research Institute](https://www.sharks.org/pygmy-shark-euprotomicrus-bispinatus)
Does the pygmy shark lay eggs?
No, it is aplacentally viviparous, meaning embryos develop inside the mother and receive nourishment from a yolk sac rather than from a placenta. Litters can contain up to 8 pups. [Hawaii Sharks](https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/sharks/pygmy-shark/) [Australian shark report](https://www.fish.gov.au/docs/SharkReport/2023_FRDC_Euprotomicrus_bispinatus_final.pdf)
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