Scale-throated hermit

It inhabits the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil and extends into eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. It is generally associated with forest understory, edges, and dense secondary growth.

The throat and upper breast have pale-edged dark feathers that create a scaled appearance. Its long, curved bill and elongated central tail feathers identify it as a hermit hummingbird in the genus Phaethornis.

Like other hermits, it takes nectar from long tubular flowers that suit its curved bill and also consumes small arthropods. Individuals often follow repeated feeding circuits through the forest, a behavior known as trap-lining.

Its strongly patterned throat is a useful clue when separating it from plainer species such as the planalto hermit. Range, body size, tail pattern, and vocalizations are also important because forest views are often brief.